核心畫面

You can picture 'liberal' as the opposite of tight and bound. It comes from the Latin word for 'free', and the whole word fans out from that one feeling: nothing is held back, nothing is clamped down. A free hand, a free mind, a free flow — give freely, think freely, let people be free.

可以想成「鬆開、不綁住」的感覺。這個字源自拉丁文的「自由」,整個字都從這一股「不扣緊、不設限」的味道展開:手鬆,所以更多收起可以想成「鬆開、不綁住」的感覺。這個字源自拉丁文的「自由」,整個字都從這一股「不扣緊、不設限」的味道展開:手鬆,所以給得大方;心鬆,所以容得下別人;規矩鬆,所以照字面去抓也不必那麼死。free 是它的底色,無論講人、講政治、講給予,都帶著「放開、不收緊」的姿態。

From the word’s history

From Latin 'liberalis' ('befitting a free person'), from 'liber' ('free, unrestricted'). The same root sits under 'liberty' and 'liberate'. The modern senses all keep that thread of 'free / unbound'.

源自拉丁文 liberalis(「合乎自由人身分的」),再往上是 liber(「自由、不受束縛」),跟 liberty(自由)、liberate(解放)同一個字根。今天各種用法——心胸開放、政治上的自由、給得大方、不照字面死摳——其實都還守著「自由、不綁住」這條線。

etymonline.com/word/liberation; en.wiktionary.org/wiki/liberal

Four branches

心胸開放、不綁住的人

心一旦鬆開、不被自己的成見綁死,就容得下跟你不一樣的想法——這是「自由」落在一個人的態度上的樣子。

open-minded · adjective · C1

Willing to understand and respect ideas, opinions, and feelings that are different from your own.

開明的

政治上的自由與改革

把「不綁住」放大到社會和政治:少一點管制、多一點空間給人,就成了一種政治立場——讓自由這條線從個人態度延伸到整個社會怎麼運作。

politically liberal · adjective · C1

Supporting or allowing slow, careful changes in politics and society.

主張改革的

給得大方、不收緊

手鬆,所以給得多——「自由」用在「給」上面,就成了大方:不摳、不省、量放得很開。

generous · adjective · C1

Given in large amounts; generous.

大方的

不照字面死摳、寬鬆的標準

規矩鬆綁、不一字一句死扣,是「自由」用在「遵守規則」上的樣子:抓大意、不抓死板。

loose, not strict · adjective · C1

Not following the exact words or rules; loose.

不嚴格的

原始詞典資料23 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

Liberalnoun

  • 1

    governmentpoliticsA political party and philosophy

  • 2

    governmentpoliticsA member or supporter of a Liberal Party

  • 3

    governmentpoliticsA member or supporter of the Liberal Party of Canada, or its predecessors, or provincial equivalents, or their predecessors

  • 4

    governmentpoliticsA Liberal Democrat.

  • 5

    datedgovernmentpoliticsA Whig.

  • 6

    governmentpoliticsA member or supporter of the Liberal Party of Australia.

Liberaladj

  • 1

    Of or relating to the Liberal party, its membership, or its platform, policy, or viewpoint.

Liberalname

  • 1

    An unincorporated community in Spencer County, Indiana, United States.

  • 2

    A city, the county seat of Seward County, Kansas, United States.

  • 3

    A small city in Barton County, Missouri, United States.

  • 4

    An unincorporated community in Clackamas County, Oregon, United States.

liberaladj/ˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹəl/

  • 1

    Generous; permitting liberty; willing to give unsparingly.

    • He was liberal with his compliments.
    • Indeed, the Government has been very liberal in the expenditure of public money
  • 2

    Ample, abundant; generous in quantity.

    • Add a liberal sprinkling of salt.
    • For this reason a liberal amount of piping should be used. If a liberal supply of piping is provided at first, the first cost will of course be greater, but the extra expenditure is called for but once.
  • 3

    Widely open to new ideas, willing to depart from established opinions or conventions; permissive.

    • Her parents had liberal ideas about child-rearing.
  • 4

    obsoleteUnrestrained, licentious.

    • Myself, my brother, and this grieved count, Did see her, hear her, at that hour last night, Talk with a ruffian at her chamber-window; Who hath indeed, most like a liberal villain, Confess'd the vile encounters they have had A thousand times in secret.
  • 5

    educationPertaining to a type of education the purpose of which is personal development rather than functional learning.

    • Americans remain enamored with Europe's ability to produce the consequential thought for America. It was the same in nearly every liberal field. Education sought its roots in such Europeans as Froebel, Frobenius, and Rousseau. Political science tried to connect to Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Nietzsche, Machiavelli, and Otto von Bismarck, for instance. Economics copied the thought of Adam Smith, […]
  • 6

    educationPertaining to a type of education the purpose of which is personal development rather than functional learning.

    • He had a full education studying the liberal arts.
  • 7

    governmentpoliticsOpen to political or social changes and reforms associated with either classical liberalism or "modern liberalism"/progressivism.

    • Endorsing the liberal anti-interventionist credo that the marketplace should act as the "site of verification," the advocates of white lead opposed government intervention for the sake of open economic competition, which they claimed revealed its true value and thus should be the sole determinant: "When the railways were built, the stage coaches disppeared; they died a timely death. If zinc white is truly superior to white lead, it will kill us in the marketplace, but the government should not intervene." These were the words of Expert-Bezançon, in his February 1903 deposition to the parliamentary committee examining the bill for banning lead-based pigments in paint.

liberalnoun/ˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹəl/

  • 1

    One with liberal views, supporting individual liberty (see Wikipedia's article on Liberalism).

  • 2

    governmentpoliticsSomeone with progressive or left-wing views, especially on social and environmental issues.

    • And I love Puerto Ricans and Negros As long as they don't move next door. So love me, love me, love me, I'm a liberal.
  • 3

    governmentpoliticsA supporter of any of several liberal parties.

  • 4

    governmentpoliticsOne who favors individual voting rights, human and civil rights, and laissez-faire markets (also called "classical liberal"; compare libertarian).

  • 5

    governmentpoliticsA conservative, especially a liberal conservative.

資料來源:英文維基詞典 English WiktionaryCC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。