喜樂美語
  1. 1自由主義。美國口語裡的 liberal / liberalism 常指偏左，跟政治學課本上的「自由主義」不是同一套。

    Liberalism is the set of opinions and principles that grow from the word liberal, especially in society and . Though actually the tidy dictionary word hides a split. In political theory, and in much of Europe, liberalism often means individual rights, free speech, limits on what the state may do, and — in the economic kind — fairly free markets. In everyday American news, “liberals” and “liberalism” usually mean the left: more state help, more social change, more openness on culture. A student who maps it straight onto 自由主義 may picture the first kind, then get a shock reading a US headline. Name the flavour when you can (classical, social, economic). It is a system of ideas, not a mood, and not the same thing as simply being kind or generous with money — an older meaning of liberal.

From the word’s history

Circa 1819, from French libéralisme; liberal + -ism.

約1819年來自法文 libéralisme，即 liberal 加 -ism。

Wiktionary

組成From French libéralisme (about 1818); English liberalism follows about 1819. Built as liberal + -ism (the belief or system).

同家族的字

  • liberalliberalism is the -ism — the set of ideas — built on liberal
  • liberalizesame liberal stem: to make laws or systems more liberal

原始詞典資料4 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，摘錄並精簡格式，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

liberalismnoun/ˈlɪ.b(ə.)ɹə.lɪz.əm/

  • 1

    The quality of being liberal.

  • 2

    governmentpoliticsAny political movement founded on the autonomy and personal freedom of the individual, progress and reform, and government by law with the consent of the governed.

    • Whether some distant cousin really belongs to the extended family of liberalisms is a matter of healthy dispute.
    • This poses obvious problems for statistical inference in that what may appear as ‘declines’ in non-white racial liberalism may actually be due to increases in representation of non-black racial/ethnic minorities whose racial attitudes are more conservative.
  • 3

    economicssciencesAn economic ideology in favour of laissez faire and the free market (related to economic liberalism).

    • But liberalism has no obvious answers to the biggest problems we face: ecological collapse and technological disruption.
  • 4

    A school of international relations that emphasises cooperation (such as trade) between polities, as an alternative to power politics, and the geopolitically transformative role of democratisation, as opposed to inherent structural material factors.

摘錄自 英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary，已精簡格式；依 CC BY-SA 4.0 授權使用，改動後的內容同樣以此授權提供。