核心畫面

Picture something leaning. A ramp tips away from flat; a roof runs down at an angle; a tower leans off straight. That is inclined at its plainest. English then puts a person where the object was: if a body can lean towards something, so can a mind. A mind leaning towards one answer is inclined to agree. A mind leaning towards one way of behaving is inclined to be late. A mind leaning only slightly towards getting out of bed is not inclined to get up yet. And a mind that leans towards music all its life is musically inclined. In every one of these the lean is partial. It is a tilt, not a fall, and that is why inclined always sounds softer and more careful than want, will, or always.

「inclined」可以想成一個「往一邊傾」的畫面。坡道從平面倒下去,屋頂斜著往下走,塔樓偏離了垂直。這是它最實在的更多收起「inclined」可以想成一個「往一邊傾」的畫面。坡道從平面倒下去,屋頂斜著往下走,塔樓偏離了垂直。這是它最實在的樣子。接著英文把人放進物體的位置:身體能往一邊傾,心當然也可以。心往某個答案傾過去,就是 inclined to agree。行為長期往某一邊傾,就是 inclined to be late。早上只稍微往「起床」那邊傾一點點,就是 not inclined to get up yet。一輩子往音樂那邊傾,就是 musically inclined。重點是:每一種都只是「傾」,不是倒下去。所以這個字聽起來永遠比 want、will、always 來得輕、來得客氣。

From the word’s history

The Wiktionary etymology tree for inclined runs back through Latin clīnō, to lean, with Latin in- meaning towards. So the oldest picture really is leaning towards something, which is still the picture every modern use sits on.

Wiktionary 給 inclined 的詞源樹一路回到拉丁文 clīnō(傾斜、靠過去),前面加上 in-(朝著)。也就是說,最早的畫面就是「朝某個方向靠過去」,而今天每一個用法都還踩在這個畫面上。

Wiktionary, 'inclined' (adj.): etymology tree listing Latin clīnō (via Proto-Italic *klei- ~ *kli-, PIE *ḱley-) together with Latin in- — supplied in evidence packet, source_ref kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:977287480

Three branches

真的在傾斜:看得見的坡度

這一支就是核心畫面本身,沒有比喻:一個面或一樣東西往一邊倒。其他所有用法都是把這個傾斜搬進人心裡。

adjective · C1

Sloping, or leaning to one side, instead of lying flat or standing straight up. It is often used with an angle or a degree word, as in inclined at twenty degrees or a gently inclined path.

傾斜的

長期往一邊倒:性格與傾向

把傾斜從物體移到人身上,而且讓它固定下來:一個人長期偏向哪一邊,那個方向就成了他的性格。

adjective · B2

Likely to do something, or likely to behave in a particular way, because that is what this person or thing usually does.

容易…;往往會…

此刻只偏一點點:意見與意願

一樣是往一邊傾,但這一支的傾斜很淺,而且只是此刻的事——所以它成了英文裡把話說軟的工具。

adjective · B2

Used with verbs like agree, think and believe to say that this is your opinion at the moment, but you do not hold it strongly and you could still change your mind.

有點覺得;傾向認為

原始詞典資料3 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

inclinedadj/ɪnˈklaɪnd/

  • 1

    At an angle to the horizontal; slanted or sloped.

    • The take-off ramp was inclined at 20 degrees.
  • 2

    Having a tendency, preference, likelihood, or disposition.

    • I am inclined to believe you.
    • She's inclined to lose her temper.

這個拼法也被記錄為下列字的變化形:

資料來源:英文維基詞典 English WiktionaryCC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。