核心畫面

Picture people living in a place: smoke rising, a light on after dark, a path worn into the grass. Hold that one picture two ways. Look at the living itself and you get the uncountable meaning — is anyone here at all? Look at what they live in and you get the countable one — the house, the hut, the dwelling. The official phrase unfit for human habitation stands between the two and asks whether living here is possible.

可以想成這樣一幅畫面:有人在這裡過日子。炊煙、天黑後亮著的燈、草地上被踩出來的小路。同一幅畫面可以看兩邊。看「住」這更多收起可以想成這樣一幅畫面:有人在這裡過日子。炊煙、天黑後亮著的燈、草地上被踩出來的小路。同一幅畫面可以看兩邊。看「住」這件事,就是不可數的意思:這裡到底有沒有人。看「住的那個東西」,就是可數的意思:房子、小屋、住處。而 unfit for human habitation 這句官方說法站在中間,問的正是:這裡還能不能住人。

From the word’s history

Habitation comes through Middle English habitacioun and Old French habitacion from Latin habitātiō, 'the act of dwelling'. The starting point is the living, not the building — which is why the uncountable meaning sits at the centre.

habitation 經中古英文 habitacioun、古法文 habitacion,來自拉丁文 habitātiō,原意就是「居住這件事」。起點是「住」,不是「房子」——這也是為什麼不可數的那個意思坐在中間。同一條線上還有 inhabit 和 inhabitant。

Wiktionary entry 'habitation' (Middle English habitacioun < Old French habitacion < Latin habitātiō), supplied in this evidence packet as kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:645883329.

Two branches

有人住這件事

這一族看的是畫面裡抽象的那一半:有沒有人在這裡過日子。問題可以由一個健行的人來問,也可以由一個拿著檢查表的人來問。

noun · C1

The fact that people live, or have lived, in a place. You use it when the question is whether anyone is there at all, not who is there. In this meaning it is uncountable.

居住

住的那個地方

把鏡頭從「住」移到「住的那個東西」:還是同一幅畫面,只是焦點落在房子上。焦點一換,文法也跟著換——這時它可以數了。

noun · C1

A place where a person lives — a house, a hut, or any building used as a home. This use is countable, and it sounds formal or old.

住處