核心畫面

Picture something that has already been handed over and set down in front of you — 'give' done, finished, fixed in place. You can hold the image as: the thing is no longer being decided; it has been put there, so now you build on top of it.

可以想成:東西已經被「交出去、放好了」——give 這個動作做完了。一旦交到你手上,它就不再是你要去爭取或決定的東西更多收起可以想成:東西已經被「交出去、放好了」——give 這個動作做完了。一旦交到你手上,它就不再是你要去爭取或決定的東西,而是一個已經擺在那裡、你只能接受並從它出發的起點。given 的各種用法,幾乎都從這個「已經給定、已經擺好」的畫面長出來。

原始詞典資料9 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

Givenname

  • 1

    A surname.

givenprep/ˈɡɪvən/

  • 1

    Considering; taking into account.

    • Given the current situation, I don't think that's possible.

givennoun/ˈɡɪvən/

  • 1

    A condition that is assumed to be true without further evaluation.

    • When evaluating this math problem, don't forget to read the givens.

givenadj/ˈɡɪvən/

  • 1

    Already arranged.

    • If eventually we can't make it at the given time, we'll phone you to let you know, don't worry.
  • 2

    Currently discussed.

  • 3

    Particular, specific.

    • No more than three people can be in that space at a given time.
    • If, therefore, the amount of the annual importation into Europe can be known, and the relative proportion of the foreign commerce of the several nations by which it can be distributed can be ascertained, they give a rule sufficiently true, to ascertain the quantity of money which ought to be found in any nation, at any given time.
  • 4

    Assumed as fact or hypothesis.

    • Given that we will get the resources, what do we want to achieve?
    • Example. Given a Derby Prophet, who has sent 3 different winners to 3 different betting-men, and given that none of the three horses are placed. Find the total Loss incurred by the three men (α) in money, (β) in temper.
  • 5

    Prone, disposed.

    • He was given to taking a couple of glasses of port at his club.

這個拼法也被記錄為下列字的變化形:

資料來源:英文維基詞典 English WiktionaryCC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。