核心畫面

Picture pointing your finger at ONE thing in a crowd and saying 'that one, not the others'. 'Specific' is that act of singling out: narrowing from the vague general down to one particular, named, pinned-down thing. From that one move — point at the exact one — everything follows: giving exact details (so others know precisely which / how), belonging only to that one thing, and as a noun the exact details themselves, or a drug aimed at one exact disease.

可以想成你在一群東西裡伸手指著其中一個說「就那個,不是別的」。specific 就是這個「挑出來、指明白」的動作:從更多收起可以想成你在一群東西裡伸手指著其中一個說「就那個,不是別的」。specific 就是這個「挑出來、指明白」的動作:從模糊的籠統,收窄到一個特定、講清楚、釘死的東西。specific 最底層的畫面比較像這種「指向那一個確切的」;其餘用法都從這裡長出去——有的取「把細節講到精確,讓人知道究竟是哪個、怎樣」,有的取「只屬於那一個、不通用」,當名詞時則是那些確切的細節本身,或專治某一種病的藥。

原始詞典資料15 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

specificadj/spɪˈsɪf.ɪk/

  • 1

    Explicit or definite.

    • While some participants, like Gabi and Jasmine, had access to a gym but still felt uncertain about using specific types of equipment, others who trained at home faced even greater challenges due to the absence of both a coach and proper equipment.
  • 2

    biologynatural-sciencestaxonomyPertaining to a species, as a taxon or taxa at the rank of species.

    • Holonyms: generic, familial
    • Meronyms: infrasubspecific, infraspecific, subspecific
  • 3

    Special, distinctive or unique.

    • A psychologist told WJLA TV that, for the most part, this isn’t a Cocomelon-specific issue. The main issue is too much screen time and children's shows with fast-paced sequences.
  • 4

    intended for, or applying to, a particular thing.

  • 5

    Serving to identify a particular thing (often a disease or condition), with little risk of mistaking something else for it.

    • a highly specific test    specific and nonspecific symptoms
  • 6

    Being a remedy for a particular disease on a deeper level, rather than just masking the symptoms.

    • Quinine is a specific medicine in cases of malaria.
    • Any improvement in secondary sciatica is probably due to the analgesic action of the sodium salicylate, but in primary sciatica, in all likelihood “rheumatic,” the effect of the sodium salicylate appears to be specific rather than symptomatic.
  • 7

    immunologymedicinesciencesLimited to a particular antibody or antigen.

  • 8

    natural-sciencesphysical-sciencesphysicsOf a value divided by mass (e.g. specific orbital energy).

另外 2 個記錄的用法
  • 9

    natural-sciencesphysical-sciencesphysicsSimilarly referring to a value divided by any measure which acts to standardize it (e.g. thrust specific fuel consumption, referring to fuel consumption divided by thrust).

  • 10

    natural-sciencesphysical-sciencesphysicsA measure compared with a standard reference value by division, to produce a ratio without unit or dimension (e.g. specific refractive index is a pure number, and is relative to that of air).

specificnoun/spɪˈsɪf.ɪk/

  • 1

    A distinguishing attribute or quality.

  • 2

    A remedy for a specific disease or condition.

    • Change of scene, and a new lover, are infallible specifics, always supposing there is no character for constancy to be supported: if I witness the violent sorrow of to-day, I impose upon to-morrow the necessity of being sorry also.
    • If Burd Ellen had gone “widishins" round the church, she would, I think, have used the best homoeopathic specific against the Elf-King's power; for "to go widishins" was the chief element in elfin practices, and if mortals wished to resist or unspell elf-craft, they, too, had "to go widershins," or they had to repeat the Paternoster backwards, which came to the same thing, or do something else contrariwise.
  • 3

    Specification.

  • 4

    The details; particulars.

  • 5

    The distinguishing part of a toponym.

    • With the exception of names of pan-Canadian significance and some alternate forms approved by provincial authorities, the specific is not translated.

資料來源:英文維基詞典 English WiktionaryCC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。