核心畫面

One way to picture it: the mind has slipped out of the driver's seat. Something urgent is happening, and instead of steady thinking there is a hot, rush inside — the person is still moving, still doing things, but nothing is under calm control any more.

腦子已經不在駕駛座上了。事情逼到眼前,人整個被一股又熱又亂的衝勁推著走——手還在動、嘴還在講、身體還在跑,但那個能穩更多收起腦子已經不在駕駛座上了。事情逼到眼前,人整個被一股又熱又亂的衝勁推著走——手還在動、嘴還在講、身體還在跑,但那個能穩下來想一想的部分已經斷線了。frantic 描述的正是這種「失去內在方向盤」的狀態,至於它表現成心裡的恐慌,還是外在的瞎忙,就看用在哪裡。

From the word’s history

The word goes back through Old French frenetique to Late Latin phreneticus and Greek phrenitikós, used of someone delirious from an inflammation of the brain — a mind literally out of order. Modern frantic keeps that picture in a milder, everyday form: not madness, but a mind too overheated to steer itself.

這個字一路可以追回古法語 frenetique、晚期拉丁語 phreneticus,再到希臘語 phrenitikós,原本講的是腦部發炎而神智錯亂的人——真的是腦子出了狀況。現代的 frantic 保留了這個畫面,只是溫和成日常版本:不是發瘋,而是腦子燒得太燙、沒辦法自己掌舵。這也解釋了為什麼 frantic 永遠帶著一點「失控」的味道,而不只是「很急」。

Wiktionary / Online Etymology Dictionary (frantic ← frenetik ← Late Latin phreneticus ← Greek phrenitikós)

Two branches

心裡失控:驚慌

這一支直接就是核心畫面本身,講的是失控發生在「裡面」——情緒與思考的那一層。

panicked · adjective · C2

So worried and scared about what is happening that you cannot keep calm or think clearly.

驚慌

行動失控:忙亂

同一種失控,只是從心裡溢到動作上——旁人看不到你的慌,但看得到你手忙腳亂的樣子。

hurried and messy · adjective · C2

Done in a great hurry, with a lot of energy, but in a messy, not well-planned way.

忙亂

原始詞典資料4 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

franticadj/ˈfɹæn.tɪk/

  • 1

    archaicInsane, mentally unstable.

    • Master have mercy on my sonne, for he is franticke: and ys sore vexed.
    • If with myself I hold intelligence, Or have acquaintance with mine own desires; If that I do not dream, or be not frantic— As I do trust I am not—then, dear uncle, Never so much as in a thought unborn Did I offend your Highness.
  • 2

    In a state of panic, worry, frenzy, or rush.

    • They returned the missing child to his frantic mother.
    • Sir George bore the annoyances of the night as a very vain man does totally unaccustomed to mortification. He was frantic with passion; he longed to kill somebody, but he did not know who.
  • 3

    Extremely energetic.

    • frantic music
    • At the end of a frantic first 45 minutes, there was still time for Charlie Adam to strike the bar from 20 yards before referee Atkinson departed to a deafening chorus of jeering from Everton's fans.

franticnoun/ˈfɹæn.tɪk/

  • 1

    archaicA person who is insane or mentally unstable, madman.

    • 1595, George Peele, The Old Wives’ Tale, The Malone Society Reprints, 1908, lines 3-5, How nowe fellowe Franticke, what all a mort? Doth this sadnes become thy madnes?
    • […] who but senseless Franticks would have thoughts so poor? My Reason forsakes the government of this weak Frame, and I am fall’n into disorder […]

資料來源:英文維基詞典 English WiktionaryCC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。