核心畫面

Think of water running down a slope. It never stops and starts, it has no corners, and it moves as one body rather than in separate pieces. Every use of flowing borrows something from that picture. Long loose hair and a wide robe fall the way that water falls. A melody or a curve or a line of handwriting travels the way that water travels, with nothing sharp in the middle. So when you meet the word, the useful question is what would the water be here — the falling, or the going on without a break.

可以想成水順著坡往下流。它不會走走停停,沒有轉角,而且是整片一起動,不是一塊一塊分開動。flowing 的每一個用法更多收起可以想成水順著坡往下流。它不會走走停停,沒有轉角,而且是整片一起動,不是一塊一塊分開動。flowing 的每一個用法,都從這個畫面借了一點東西。長而鬆的頭髮、寬大的長袍,落下來的樣子就像水落下來。旋律、曲線、連筆的字跡,往前走的樣子就像水往前走,中間沒有稜角。所以讀到這個字時,可以先問一句:這裡像水的是哪一部分?是垂落的樣子,還是中間不斷的樣子。

From the word’s history

From Middle English flowyng; the word is flow plus -ing, so the adjective is the action of flowing held still as a quality.

這個字來自中古英語 flowyng,結構是 flow 加上 -ing。所以這個形容詞其實就是把「流」這個動作定住,當成一種樣子來用。這也說明了為什麼不管形容頭髮、水還是旋律,底下都是同一個水的畫面。

Wiktionary, English entry 'flowing' (etymology_text: 'From Middle English flowyng; equivalent to flow + -ing.'), packet source_ref kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:964168880:7785

Three branches

真的在流

這一支就是畫面本身:水或空氣真的在往前走,沒有停下來。

adjective · B1

Used about water, air or another liquid that is moving steadily and continuously in one direction, rather than standing still.

流動的

像水一樣垂落、擺動

把水往下落的樣子借給頭髮和布料:長、鬆、整片一起動。

adjective · B2

Hanging down or moving in a long, soft, smooth way, with no stiff shapes or sharp edges — used about hair, clothes and other soft things.

飄逸的;垂順的

像水一樣中間不斷

借的是水的另一半特性:一路往前,中間沒有停頓,也沒有轉角。

adjective · B2

Continuing smoothly and evenly, with no sudden stops or sharp changes — used about music, writing, lines, shapes and movements.

流暢的;圓順的

原始詞典資料4 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

flowingnoun/ˈfloʊ.ɪŋ/

  • 1

    The action of the verb to flow

    • the flowing of the river

flowingadj/ˈfloʊ.ɪŋ/

  • 1

    Tending to flow.

  • 2

    Moving, proceeding or shaped smoothly, gracefully, or continuously.

    • a flowing dress
    • flowing prose

這個拼法也被記錄為下列字的變化形:

資料來源:英文維基詞典 English WiktionaryCC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。