drive 的分詞形式
這一族就是核心畫面的文法版本：被推的那一端，需要一個幫手動詞才能站穩。
verb · A2
The past participle of drive. It is the form you use after have, has or had, and after a form of be in passive sentences.
drive 的過去分詞
核心畫面
One picture holds all of this: something is being pushed along and it keeps moving because the push keeps coming. A car is pushed forward by its engine, a heap of snow is pushed across a field by the wind, a person is pushed on by a want they cannot put down. Driven is always the thing at the receiving end of that push.
這幾個意思可以想成同一張畫面：有樣東西正被推著往前，而且推力一直沒有停，所以它一直在動。車子被引擎推著走。雪被風推過…更多收起
這幾個意思可以想成同一張畫面：有樣東西正被推著往前，而且推力一直沒有停，所以它一直在動。車子被引擎推著走。雪被風推過整片田。人被一個放不下的渴望推著做下去。driven 永遠站在被推的那一端。這也解釋了為什麼它一定要有幫手：have driven、was driven——句子得先交代那股推力從哪裡來。等到推力被想成長在人裡面，這個字就變成了形容人的「拚」。From the word’s history
Wiktionary's etymology tree gives driven as drive + -en, tracing drive back to Old English drīfan, with the older sense of pushing or driving something along. That older push is what all three uses still rest on.
資料來源的字源樹把 driven 拆成 drive 加上 -en，並往上追到古英語的 drīfan，本義是「驅趕、把東西推著走」。今天這三種用法都還踩在那個「推」上面：推車、推雪、推人。
Wiktionary 'driven' etymology tree, supplied in the evidence packet (kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:178799852)
Three branches
推力在人裡面
把「被推著走」的畫面放到人身上，而且把推力挪到他自己心裡，就成了形容詞。
adjective · B2
Working extremely hard and pushing yourself all the time, because you want something so much that you find it hard to stop.
拚勁十足的；停不下來的
推雪的風
同一張畫面，推的人換成風，被推的換成雪。
adjective · C1
Used about snow that the wind has pushed and piled into banks and heaps. Learners meet it most often in the set comparison as pure as the driven snow, which describes someone or something as completely clean or innocent.
被風吹積起來的（雪）
原始詞典資料3 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
drivenadj/ˈdɹɪvn̩/
- 1
Obsessed; passionately motivated to achieve goals.
- highly driven
- driven person
- 2
Formed into snowdrifts by wind. (of snow)
這個拼法也被記錄為下列字的變化形：
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。