把人的行為導回正途
被扳直的不再是紙上的字，而是一個人。拉丁字根 corrigere（扳直）本來就同時用在文件和人身上，所以英文才會用同一個字講「更正」和「懲治」，不是兩個碰巧同形的字。
old-fashioned punishment · noun · B1
Old-fashioned word for punishment given to someone who has done something wrong.
懲罰；懲治
核心畫面
Something has gone crooked and a correction is the move that straightens it back. Picture a red pen: the wrong word crossed out, the right word written above it. That written-in word is a correction. The same picture works on a number in a report, a name in a news story — and, in older English, on a person whose behaviour was thought crooked.
可以想成「有東西歪掉了，把它扳回正確的位置」。畫面像老師的紅筆：錯的字被劃掉，正確的字寫在上面——那個補上去的字就是…更多收起
可以想成「有東西歪掉了，把它扳回正確的位置」。畫面像老師的紅筆：錯的字被劃掉，正確的字寫在上面——那個補上去的字就是 a correction。同樣的畫面可以套在報告裡的數字、新聞裡寫錯的名字上；在比較舊的英文裡，被扳直的也可以是一個人的行為。From the word’s history
From Latin corrigere 'to put straight, to reform' — com- (intensive) + regere 'to lead straight, rule'. Etymonline records that by the late 14th century correction already carried both 'rectification of faults' and 'chastisement by restraints or punishments', and that the verb correct first meant 'to set someone right by punishing for a fault'. So the everyday 更正 sense and the old-fashioned 懲治 sense are one picture applied to two things.
拉丁文 corrigere 是「扳直、使回正」——com-（加強語氣）+ regere「引導成直線、統治」。Etymonline 記載，correction 在十四世紀末就同時有「改正錯誤」和「用約束或處罰來矯正」兩個意思，而動詞 correct 最早的意思就是「用處罰把某人導回正途」。這條線索讓兩個看起來無關的用法接上了：今天的「更正」扳直的是紙上的字，舊時的「懲治」扳直的是一個人的行為。
Online Etymology Dictionary (etymonline.com), entries 'correction' and 'correct'.
From the picture
Also in this word
a fix, an edit · noun · B1
A change you make in something so it becomes right or better.
更正；改正
correction! (interjection) · noun · B1
Spoken word used when you notice you just said something wrong and want to change it.
更正一下
process of fixing · noun · B1
The act or process of changing something so it becomes right or better.
改正；批改
原始詞典資料6 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
correctionnoun/kəˈɹɛkʃən/
- 1
The act of correcting.
- 2
A substitution for an error or mistake.
- 3
Punishment that is intended to rehabilitate an offender.
- As the facts of the case were investigated, it became apparent that before us was the story of a man whom the entire machinery of law enforcement and correction had conspired against from the beginning to the end.
- 4
An amount or quantity of something added or subtracted so as to correct.
- 5
A decline in a stock market price after a period of rises. Often operationally defined as a market value drop of 10% or more on some specific stock market index.
- 6
governmentmilitarypoliticsa station's indication that previous information was incorrect and will continue with correct information from the last correct transmitted
- I have four T-80 tanks at grid Three-niner-niner-four-eight-eight, Correction: Grid Three niner-niner-four-eight-five. How copy? Over.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。