喜樂美語

核心畫面

One way to hold this word: a nest of new animals, and behind them the parents they came from. Two things are happening in that picture at once. New life is being made, and something is being handed down - size, colour, strength, the shape of a head. Follow the making of new life and you get breeding seasons and breeding grounds. Follow the handing down and you get the farmer choosing which two animals should have young, the pedigree written on a certificate, and, in older books, the manners a person was thought to inherit along with a family name.

可以想成一窩剛出生的小動物，以及牠們身後的父母。這張畫面裡同時有兩件事在發生：新的生命被生出來，還有某些東西被傳下去…更多收起可以想成一窩剛出生的小動物，以及牠們身後的父母。這張畫面裡同時有兩件事在發生：新的生命被生出來，還有某些東西被傳下去——體型、顏色、力氣、頭的形狀。順著「生出來」這條線走，會走到 breeding season 和 breeding ground；順著「傳下去」那條線走，會走到農人挑選哪兩隻配種、血統書上那三代紀錄，還有舊小說裡那種被認為跟著姓氏一起繼承下來的舉止。

From the word’s history

Breeding is breed plus the ending -ing, which turns an action into the name of a thing. Middle English breedyng already covered gestation, hatching and propagation, so the word has carried both the making of new life and the growing-up that follows from early on.

breeding 是 breed 加上字尾 -ing，把一個動作變成一件事情的名字。中古英文的 breedyng 已經同時包含懷胎、孵化和繁衍的意思，所以這個字從很早就一邊指「生下來」，一邊指「養成什麼樣子」，今天的各種用法還走在這兩條線上。

Wiktionary, entry breeding (noun), etymology 1 (packet source_ref kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:916847401): 'From Middle English breedyng, bredynge (gestation, incubation, propagation, hatching ...), equivalent to breed + -ing.'

Three branches

生出下一代

這一支只看畫面的前半：生命本身。誰生的、為什麼生、生出來像誰，都先放一邊，重點是這件事在什麼時候、什麼地方發生。

noun · B2

The natural process by which animals mate and produce young. It is used most often when talking about the time of year or the place where this happens.

繁殖

有計畫地培育

同一件事，多了一雙手。人看見特質會從父母傳到下一代，於是插手決定誰跟誰生，好讓想要的特質留下來。從「生命自己發生」變成「一份要做很多年的工作」。

noun · B2

The work of keeping animals or plants and choosing which ones have young together, so that the next generation has the qualities people want, such as size, strength, taste or colour.

育種；培育

傳下來的血統與教養

眼光從過程移到結果。不再問「怎麼生的」，而是問「身上帶著誰的東西」。動物身上帶的是血統，人身上——在一個很舊的想法裡——帶的是舉止。

noun · C1

The family line an animal comes from, thought of as the reason for its quality. An animal 'with good breeding' has parents and grandparents that were themselves good animals of their kind.

血統

原始詞典資料10 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

Breedingname

  • 1

    A surname.

breedingnoun詞源 1/ˈbɹiːdɪŋ/

  • 1

    Propagation of offspring through sexual reproduction.

    • In analysing the ecological conditions of an animal population we have above all to focus our attention upon the most sensitive stages within the life cycle of the animal, that is, the period of breeding and larval development.
    • Plant breeding is always a numbers game.[…]The wild species we use are rich in genetic variation, and individual plants are highly heterozygous and do not breed true.
  • 2

    The act of insemination by natural or artificial means.

  • 3

    The act of copulation in animals.

  • 4

    The good manners regarded as characteristic of the aristocracy and conferred by heredity.

  • 5

    Nurture; education; formation of manners.

    • She had her breeding at my father's charge.
  • 6

    Descent; pedigree; extraction.

    • Your dog has good breeding.
    • Honest gentlemen, I know not your breeding.
  • 7

    slangLGBTEjaculation inside the rectum during bareback anal sex.

breedingadj詞源 2/ˈbɹiːdɪŋ/

  • 1

    Of, relating to or used for breeding.

    • Your toothbrush is a breeding ground for bacteria.

這個拼法也被記錄為下列字的變化形：

資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。