核心畫面

You can picture something a person built by skill to stand in for the real, natural thing — a plastic flower instead of one that grew, a machine that mimics a heartbeat.

可以想成:不是自然長出來的,而是人靠手藝、技術做出來、用來頂替真東西的那種存在——像塑膠花代替真花、機器模仿真的心跳更多收起可以想成:不是自然長出來的,而是人靠手藝、技術做出來、用來頂替真東西的那種存在——像塑膠花代替真花、機器模仿真的心跳。核心畫面比較像「人工仿造」而非「天生自然」。

From the word’s history

From Latin artificialis 'belonging to art', from artificium 'a work of skill', from artifex 'art-maker' (ars 'art' + facere 'to make'). At root it means made by human skill and craft — which is exactly why an artificial thing is one people crafted rather than one nature grew.

源自拉丁文 artificialis「屬於技藝的」,再往回是 artifex「製作技藝的人」(ars 技藝 + facere 製作)。字根本義就是「靠人的手藝做出來」——這正好說明了為什麼 artificial 指的是人造、而不是天生。

Online Etymology Dictionary (etymonline.com/word/artificial)

From the picture

裝出來的(不真誠)

同樣是「人造」的畫面,只是這次造的不是東西,而是表情和情緒:不是心裡自然流露,而是刻意擺出來給人看的。

insincere behaviour · adjective · B2

Describing behaviour or feelings that are not real or honest, but shown on purpose to seem a certain way.

做作的

Also in this word

man-made · adjective · B2

Not real or natural, but made by people to look or work like something real or natural.

人造的

not naturally needed · adjective · B2

Made to exist by people for some reason, not because it is really needed or natural.

人為的

原始詞典資料5 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

artificialadj/ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/

  • 1

    Man-made; made by humans; of artifice.

    • The flowers were artificial, and he thought them rather tacky.
    • An artificial kidney these days still means a refrigerator-sized dialysis machine. Such devices mimic the way real kidneys cleanse blood and eject impurities and surplus water as urine. But they are nothing like as efficient, and can cause bleeding, clotting and infection—not to mention inconvenience for patients, who typically need to be hooked up to one three times a week for hours at a time.
  • 2

    Insincere; fake, forced, or feigned.

    • Her manner was somewhat artificial.
  • 3

    Not natural or normal: imposed arbitrarily or without regard to the specifics or normal circumstances of a person, a situation, etc.

    • “How quickly have I fallen!” thought Tarzan; but in his heart he did not consider it a fall—rather, he pitied the poor creatures of Paris, penned up like prisoners in their silly clothes, and watched by policemen all their poor lives, that they might do nothing that was not entirely artificial and tiresome.
    • This results in an artificial conflation of the individual crises experienced by Western European states and leads to imprecise judgements on the impact of Marshall. This confusing conflation is not simply the product of retrospection.
  • 4

    biologynatural-sciencestaxonomyBased on characteristics useful for identification, without regard for the formal differences used in classification.

    • Artificial keys are devised purely to facilitate determination […]
  • 5

    bridgegamesConveying some meaning other than the actual contents of one's hand.

    • An artificial bid doesn't necessarily show length in the suit being bid, it has an altogether different meaning.
    • North makes an artificial call of 3♧, the cheapest suit at the 3 level, to show a very poor hand. What North holds in clubs doesn't matter at all.

資料來源:英文維基詞典 English WiktionaryCC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。