真正的暴風雨
畫面照字面用：天氣本身。
noun · C1
A violent storm, with very strong winds and usually heavy rain or snow. The word belongs to books and poems more than to everyday speech, where people say 'storm'.
暴風雨；狂風暴雨
核心畫面
Picture the sky and the sea losing their temper at the same time: wind you cannot stand up in, rain driven sideways, a small boat thrown about, and everyone inside waiting for it to end. Three things sit in that picture — it arrives suddenly, it is violent while it lasts, and it is expected to pass. Every other use of the word borrows those three. When the storm moves inside a person it becomes rage or grief; when it moves into a crowd it becomes uproar; and when someone shrinks it down to the size of a , they are laughing at how small the real trouble is.
tempest 可以想成天和海同時發脾氣：風大到站不住，雨打橫著飛，小船被拋來拋去，船上的人只能等它過去。這個畫面裡…更多收起
tempest 可以想成天和海同時發脾氣：風大到站不住，雨打橫著飛，小船被拋來拋去，船上的人只能等它過去。這個畫面裡有三件事：來得突然、發作時很猛、而且大家預期它會結束。後面每一種用法都是借這三件事。風暴搬進一個人心裡，就是怒氣或悲痛；搬進一群人中間，就是輿論的騷動；有人把它縮到茶壺那麼小，就是在笑這件事其實沒那麼嚴重。另外提醒一點：這個字本身偏文學，日常天氣還是說 storm。From the word’s history
The source entry traces the word through Old French tempeste to Latin tempestas ('storm'), from tempus ('time, weather'). The older sense was simply the weather of the moment; English kept the violent end of it.
來源資料把這個字追到古法文 tempeste，再到拉丁文 tempestas（暴風雨），而 tempestas 來自 tempus（時間、天氣）。也就是說，它本來只是「當下的天氣、時節」，英文留下來的是壞天氣那一端。可以想成：時候突然變了臉。這只是一條幫助記憶的線索，不是說今天的每個用法都由此直接長出。
Wiktionary/kaikki snapshot 3f6f69a190036ae4, entry 'tempest' (noun), etymology_text: from Old French tempeste, from Latin tempestas ('storm'), from tempus ('time, weather').
Two branches
人身上的風暴
同一場風暴從天上搬到人心裡、或搬到一群人中間。
noun · C1
A sudden, violent burst of strong feeling, or a noisy outbreak of trouble among people. Here the storm is not weather: it is anger, grief, or public argument breaking out all at once.
（情緒或輿論的）風暴