Turmoil is a state of great confusion and trouble, where nothing is settled and things keep changing in a worrying way. It works in two directions.

Turmoil is a state of great confusion and trouble是一種混亂不安的狀態, where nothing is settled and things keep changing in a worrying way裡面沒有一件事情是定下來的，而且事情一直令人擔心地在變化. It works in two directions它可以用在兩個方向.

Outside a person: a country, a market, a company can be in turmoil — governments falling, prices jumping, nobody knowing what will happen next. Inside a person: your mind or your feelings can be in turmoil, meaning you are churning with worry, unable to decide, pulled in different directions.

Outside a person在一個人的外部: a country, a market, a company can be in turmoil一個國家、一個市場、一間公司都可能陷入動盪 — governments falling, prices jumping, nobody knowing what will happen next政府垮台、物價飆漲、沒有人知道接下來會發生什麼事. Inside a person在一個人的內部: your mind or your feelings can be in turmoil你的內心或情緒也可能陷入翻騰, meaning you are churning with worry, unable to decide, pulled in different directions意思是你被憂慮攪得心煩意亂、無法決定、被拉往不同的方向.

"Emotional turmoil" and "inner turmoil" are the two phrases you will meet most often for that inner sense. It is an uncountable noun, so "a lot of turmoil", not "a turmoil" or "turmoils". By far the most common pattern is "in turmoil": the region is in turmoil, her mind was in turmoil, the markets were thrown into turmoil. Learn that phrase and you have most of the word.

"Emotional turmoil"情緒的翻騰 and "inner turmoil"內心的翻騰 are the two phrases you will meet most often for that inner sense就是你最常會遇到、用來講這種內心意義的兩個說法. It is an uncountable noun它是不可數名詞, so "a lot of turmoil"所以說 "a lot of turmoil", not "a turmoil" or "turmoils"不會說 "a turmoil" 或 "turmoils". By far the most common pattern is "in turmoil"目前最常見的用法是 "in turmoil": the region is in turmoil這個地區陷入動盪, her mind was in turmoil她的內心一片混亂, the markets were thrown into turmoil市場被捲入動盪. Learn that phrase你把這個片語學起來 and you have most of the word就等於掌握了這個字的大半.

The feel of it is somewhat formal — it is a news and writing word rather than something you say to a friend. Talking to a friend you would say "everything's a mess" or "I'm all over the place".

The feel of it is somewhat formal這個字的語感偏正式 — it is a news and writing word rather than something you say to a friend它是新聞和書面用字，不是你會跟朋友說的話. Talking to a friend跟朋友講話時 you would say "everything's a mess" or "I'm all over the place"你會說 "everything's a mess" 或 "I'm all over the place".

Turmoil is stronger and more serious than confusion: confusion is not understanding, turmoil is everything being violently unsettled. It is close to chaos, but chaos is more about disorder, and turmoil carries more distress in it.

Turmoil is stronger and more serious than confusionturmoil 比 confusion 更強烈、更嚴重: confusion is not understandingconfusion 是不懂, turmoil is everything being violently unsettledturmoil 是一切被劇烈攪亂. It is close to chaos它跟 chaos 很接近, but chaos is more about disorder不過 chaos 比較著重在雜亂無序, and turmoil carries more distress in it而 turmoil 裡面帶有更多的痛苦不安.