核心畫面

You can picture standing on high ground and letting your eyes pass carefully over the whole scene below — taking in the entire thing, not one corner. Every use of 'survey' is some version of this: looking over a whole subject, a whole piece of land, a whole building, or a whole crowd's opinions, carefully and as a whole.

可以想成站在高處,讓視線仔細地掃過下方整片景象——一次把全貌收進眼裡,而不是只看一角。survey 的每個用法都是這更多收起可以想成站在高處,讓視線仔細地掃過下方整片景象——一次把全貌收進眼裡,而不是只看一角。survey 的每個用法都是這個畫面的某種版本:把一整個主題、一整塊土地、一整棟房子、或一整群人的意見,仔細地、整體地看過一遍。

From the word’s history

Survey comes from Medieval Latin 'supervidere' = 'super' (over) + 'videre' (to see), i.e. 'to look over, oversee'. The modern image of carefully looking over a whole thing sits right on that root.

survey 源自中世紀拉丁文 supervidere,由 super(在…之上)加 videre(看)組成,也就是「從上面看過去、總覽」。現代「仔細看過整個東西」的畫面正好坐在這個字根上。

etymonline.com/word/survey

Four branches

用眼睛或心思看過全貌

這一組最貼近字根「look over」:把視線或思緒放到一個對象上,整體地、仔細地看一遍以形成判斷,包括看眼前的景物,也包括看一整個題目。

look over carefully · verb · B2

To go carefully over someone or something, by eye or in thought, often judging them.

審視

問一大群人、收集意見

把「整體看過一遍」的對象換成一大群人的想法:你不是看風景,而是系統性地問過很多人,好把整群人的意見一次收進眼裡。這是今天最常見的用法。

questionnaire study · noun · B2

A study that puts the same questions to many people to learn what they think or do.

問卷調查

丈量土地、繪製地圖

這一組把「看過全貌」收緊成精準的測量:不只是用眼掃過一塊地,而是仔細測量整片土地的範圍與細節,好把它整個畫成地圖。

measure land · verb · B2

To measure an area of land or water carefully so that it can be mapped.

測量(土地)

勘查整棟房子的狀況

再把對象換成一棟建築:把整棟房子從頭到尾仔細看過、查過它的狀況,通常是替想買房的人做的。一樣是「整體仔細看過全貌」,只是看的是房子的好壞。

inspect a building · verb · B2

To examine a building carefully and report on its condition, especially for a possible buyer.

勘查(房屋)

原始詞典資料14 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

surveynoun/ˈsɜːveɪ/

  • 1

    The act of surveying; a general view.

    • Under his proud survey the city lies.
  • 2

    A particular view; an examination, especially an official examination, of a particular group of items, in order to ascertain the condition, quantity, or quality.

    • A survey of the stores of a ship; a survey of roads and bridges; a survey of buildings.
  • 3

    The operation of finding the contour, dimensions, position, or other particulars of any part of the Earth's surface.

  • 4

    A measured plan and description of any portion of country.

    • The owners of the adjoining plots had conflicting surveys.
  • 5

    An examination of the opinions and/or information of a group of people.

    • The local council conducted a survey of its residents to help it decide whether to go ahead with the roadside waste collection service.
  • 6

    A questionnaire or similar instrument used for examining the opinions and/or information of a group of people.

    • I just filled out that survey on roadside waste pick-up.
  • 7

    historicalAn auction at which a farm is let for a lease for lives.

  • 8

    A district for the collection of customs under a particular officer.

surveyverb/səˈveɪ/

  • 1

    To inspect, or take a view of; to view with attention, as from a high place; to overlook

    • He stood on a hill, and surveyed the surrounding country.
    • Round he ſurveys, and well might, where he ſtood / So high above[…]
  • 2

    To view with a scrutinizing eye; to examine.

    • […]with ſuch alter'd Looks,[…] / All pale, and ſpeechleſs, he ſurvey'd me round;
    • By using the same classification system for all the dictionaries surveyed, it was possible to compare the lexical richness of each against the other.
  • 3

    To examine with reference to condition, situation, value, etc.; to examine and ascertain the state of

    • It was his job to survey buildings in order to determine their value and risks.
  • 4

    To determine the form, extent, position, etc., of, as a tract of land, a coast, harbor, or the like, by means of linear and angular measurements, and the application of the principles of geometry and trigonometry

    • to survey land or a coast
    • The proposed route had been surveyed by George Stephenson and consisted of a main line 41⅝ miles in length with two short branches, to Norbury and Poynton Collieries, and to Chapel-en-le-Frith.
  • 5

    To examine and ascertain, as the boundaries and royalties of a manor, the tenure of the tenants, and the rent and value of the same.

    • all the Tenants Leases and Copies are surveyed
  • 6

    To investigate the opinions, experiences, etc., of people by asking them questions; to conduct a survey; to administer a questionnaire.

資料來源:英文維基詞典 English WiktionaryCC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。