喜樂美語

核心畫面

One way to hold it: an old man whom a group listens to. Age and experience gathered in one person, so his word settles things. From there the word reaches out to a ruler of a state, to a teacher whose students come to him, and to a group people are born into.

可以想成這樣一個畫面：一位年長的男性，群體裡的人都聽他的。時間和經驗累積在他身上，所以他說的話能定下事情。這個畫面往…更多收起可以想成這樣一個畫面：一位年長的男性，群體裡的人都聽他的。時間和經驗累積在他身上，所以他說的話能定下事情。這個畫面往外延伸，就分成幾個方向。往權力那邊走，變成部族的領袖、國家的統治者。往學問那邊走，變成教導別人的宗教長者。在亞茲迪社群裡，它還被用來指一個世襲的身分群體。

From the word’s history

Wiktionary records the word as coming from Arabic شَيْخ (šayḵ), "elder" — which sits directly under the picture of a man whose age and experience give his word weight.

Wiktionary 記錄這個字來自阿拉伯語 شَيْخ（šayḵ），原意是「長者」。這正好對上上面那個畫面：份量來自年紀和經驗，所以後來的幾個用法都圍著「群體裡說話算數的長者」打轉。

Wiktionary (kaikki extract), source_ref kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:1130030932:39826 — "From Arabic شَيْخ (šayḵ, 'elder')"

From the picture

教導與修行的導師

同一個「長者」的畫面，只是份量的來源換了。不是因為他統治誰，而是因為他懂得多、教得清楚，別人主動來請教。

noun · C1

A Muslim religious leader or teacher. The word is used as a respectful title for a man who guides other people in religious study or in Sufi practice, including the master of a Sufi order.

伊斯蘭教長／導師

亞茲迪社群裡的世襲群體

這一支和前面兩支有一個關鍵不同：前面講的是一個人取得的位置，這裡講的是他生下來就屬於的群體。仍然和「宗教上的帶領」有關，但身分來自出生，不是來自作為。

noun · C2

Among Yazidis, a member of one of the three groups that people are born into. Sheikhs carry certain religious and leading duties, and people have traditionally married inside their own group.

亞茲迪社群的謝赫階層

Also in this word

noun · C1

A man who leads an Arab family, village or tribe. The word is also used for a ruler or prince, and in some Arab Gulf countries it is an official title for men of the royal family and of certain leading families.

酋長／族長

原始詞典資料10 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

Sheikhnoun

  • 1

    The title of a sheikh.

    • The Makaddam of Dhaboot, Sheikh Awadth, is a fine-looking old man, and seemed much gratified at the recognition by Government of his kindness to the sailors. Two of the headmen of Nishton, Sheikhs Muhammad and Moosa, who happened to be here, received their presents at the same time as Sheikh Awadth.

Sheikhname

  • 1

    A surname from Arabic

sheikhnoun/ʃeɪk/

  • 1

    The leader of an Arab village, family or small tribe.

    • Tarzan, who, by this time, with the assistance of Abdul, had picked up quite a smattering of Arab, questioned one of the younger men who had accompanied the sheik while the latter paid his respects to Captain Gerard.
  • 2

    An Islamic religious cleric; the master of a Sufi order.

    • He then studied under a variety of scholars (shuyook) and institutes around the world in his quest for authentic knowledge.
  • 3

    An official title for members of the royal family as well as some prominent families.

  • 4

    archaicslangA romantic lover.

    • When your last natural tooth goes, the time when you can kid yourself that you're a Hollywood sheik, is definitely at an end.
  • 5

    slangAn Arab, especially one dressed in traditional clothing.

  • 6

    A member of one of the three hereditary, traditionally endogamous Yazidi castes, taking certain spiritual and leadership roles.

  • 7

    An honorific for specialists in spirituality, for example in Sufism.

資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。