A king or ruler in certain Muslim countries. Historically, the most famous sultans ruled the Ottoman Empire from Istanbul, and there were also sultans in Egypt, in Morocco, and across the Malay world.

A king or ruler一種國王或統治者， in certain Muslim countries出現在某些伊斯蘭國家。Historically歷史上， the most famous sultans最有名的sultan（蘇丹） ruled the Ottoman Empire from Istanbul是從伊斯坦堡統治鄂圖曼帝國的那些蘇丹， and there were also sultans in Egypt, in Morocco, and across the Malay world另外埃及、摩洛哥，還有整個馬來世界也都有過蘇丹。

The word is still live today: Brunei has a sultan, Oman has a sultan, and several states in Malaysia each have their own sultan, who take turns being the country's king. So this is not only a history-book word.

The word is still live today這個詞今天還活著在用： Brunei has a sultan汶萊有蘇丹、 Oman has a sultan阿曼有蘇丹， and several states in Malaysia each have their own sultan馬來西亞好幾個州也各自有自己的蘇丹， who take turns being the country's king輪流當全國的國王。So this is not only a history-book word所以這不只是一個歷史課本裡的字。

The word carries a slight feeling of great wealth and old palaces for English speakers, and you will sometimes hear it used loosely as a joke — calling a rich man "the sultan of" something, meaning he rules that world completely.

The word carries a slight feeling of great wealth and old palaces這個字帶著一點巨富和古老宮殿的味道， for English speakers對英語使用者來說， and you will sometimes hear it used loosely as a joke你有時候也會聽到有人開玩笑地隨口用它— calling a rich man "the sultan of" something叫一個有錢人「the sultan of某某界的蘇丹」， meaning he rules that world completely意思是他完全稱霸那個領域。

His wife or mother may be called a sultana, though sultana is much better known in Britain as a kind of raisin, which confuses everyone. Related words you may meet: sultanate, the country or the period a sultan rules.

His wife or mother蘇丹的妻子或母親 may be called a sultana可能被稱為sultana， though sultana is much better known in Britain as a kind of raisin不過sultana在英國更常見的意思是一種葡萄乾， which confuses everyone讓大家都很困惑。Related words you may meet你可能會遇到的相關字： sultanate sultanate， the country or the period a sultan rules指蘇丹統治的國家或那段時期。