這個拼法底下其實是3個不同的字，意思沒有關係， 只是長得一樣。下面分開列出來。跳到 被典當著 · 德國白酒（萊茵白酒） · 飛節（動物後腿中間的關節）
hock
noun, verb核心畫面
One way to hold this group: picture the locked back room behind a pawnshop counter. Your guitar goes in; a ticket and some cash come out. The guitar is not sold and not lost — it is being kept, and it stays kept until you bring the money back. That one picture carries all three uses. The thing sitting in the room is in hock. Putting it there is to hock it. And when the one being held is a person or a company rather than an object, they are in hock to whoever holds the debt.
這一組可以想成當鋪櫃台後面那個上鎖的小房間。你的吉他被放進去，換出一張單子和一筆現金。東西沒有被賣掉，也沒有不見。它…更多收起
這一組可以想成當鋪櫃台後面那個上鎖的小房間。你的吉他被放進去，換出一張單子和一筆現金。東西沒有被賣掉，也沒有不見。它只是被保管著，還清以前都出不來。這個畫面撐得起三個用法：東西在裡面，就是 in hock；把東西送進去這個動作，就是 hock；而被押著的如果不是東西，是一個人或一家公司，就成了 in hock to 某人。From the word’s history
The source traces this group to the phrase in hock, around 1855-60, from Dutch hok, meaning a hutch, pen, jail or doghouse — a small place where something is shut in. The verb came from the phrase, not the other way round.
來源資料把這一組追到片語 in hock，時間大約在 1855 到 1860 年之間，往前來自荷蘭語 hok，意思是「棚子、圍欄、牢房、狗屋」，都是把東西關起來的小地方。動詞是從這個片語長出來的，不是反過來。
Wiktionary (kaikki extract), hock etymology 3: "From the phrase in hock, circa 1855-60, from Dutch hok (hutch, hovel, jail, pen, doghouse)."
A second word, same spelling
hock
noun核心畫面
A different word that happens to be spelled the same. One way to hold it: a place name on a label, by the people buying the wine rather than the people making it. British buyers took one German town's name, cut it short, and then let it cover the pale white wine of the whole valley. So the word points at a region, not at a grape or a taste, and it belongs to English writing about German wine rather than to German.
這是另一個字，只是拼法剛好一樣。可以想成酒標上的一個地名，被買酒的人講短了，而不是釀酒的人自己取的。英國買家拿了德國…更多收起
這是另一個字，只是拼法剛好一樣。可以想成酒標上的一個地名，被買酒的人講短了，而不是釀酒的人自己取的。英國買家拿了德國一個小鎮的名字，把它縮短，後來範圍變寬，整個萊茵河一帶那種淡黃色的白酒都這樣叫。所以這個字指的是產區，不是葡萄品種，也不是味道；它屬於英文寫德國酒的傳統，不屬於德文。From the word’s history
The source calls it a clipping of hockamore, from German, and links the wine to the Hochheim region, adding that the name was often stretched to all Rhenish wines.
來源資料說 hock 是 hockamore 的縮短形，來自德文，並把這種酒連到 Hochheim 一帶，還說這個名字常被拿來泛指所有萊茵白酒。這正好解釋了它為什麼指產地而不是品種。
Wiktionary (kaikki extract), hock etymology 1: "Clipping of hockamore, from German"; sense gloss names the Hochheim region.
A second word, same spelling
hock
noun核心畫面
Look at a horse or a dog standing side-on. The back leg makes a clear angle about halfway up, pointing backwards. That angle is the hock. These animals walk on their toes, so what looks like a long lower leg is really the foot, and the joint above it lines up with a person's ankle rather than the knee. Hold that spot on the living animal and the second use follows without effort: the heavy round cut of meat taken from exactly there carries the same name.
可以想成從側面看一匹馬或一隻狗站著。後腿大約一半的位置有一個明顯的角，往後凸出來。那個角就是 hock。這些動物是用…更多收起
可以想成從側面看一匹馬或一隻狗站著。後腿大約一半的位置有一個明顯的角，往後凸出來。那個角就是 hock。這些動物是用腳趾走路的，所以我們以為的小腿其實是牠的腳掌，上面那個關節對應的是人的腳踝，不是膝蓋。先在活的動物身上找到這個位置，第二個意思就自然接上了：從那一段切下來、又厚又圓帶骨頭的肉，用的是同一個字。From the word’s history
The source traces this group to Middle English hough, hoche and Old English hōh, meaning heel, with relatives such as Dutch hak and Low German Hacke, also heel. A heel is exactly where this joint sits on the back leg.
來源資料把這一組追到中古英語 hough、hoche，再往前是古英語 hōh，意思是「腳跟」；親戚字還有荷蘭語 hak、低地德語 Hacke，也都是腳跟。「腳跟」這個起點跟今天的位置對得上：hock 指的正是後腿靠下、對應腳踝的那一節。
Wiktionary (kaikki extract), hock etymology 2: "From Middle English hough, hoche, hokke, from Old English hōh, from Proto-Germanic *hanhaz."
原始詞典資料15 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
Hockname
- 1
A surname.
hocknoun詞源 1/hɒk/
- 1
A Rhenish wine, of a light yellow color, either sparkling or still, from the Hochheim region; often applied to all Rhenish wines.
- That night he strolled into the Palette Club about eleven o’clock, and found Trevor sitting by himself in the smoking-room drinking hock and seltzer.
- The dinner that they sat down to in the fly-specked dining-room was of boiled beef and carrots, with a turgid ginger pudding to follow, though Grierson went down to the cellar himself and found some dusty bottles of hock, overlooked for years because there was no demand for it in a beer-drinking community.
hocknoun詞源 2
- 1
The tarsal joint of a digitigrade quadruped, such as a horse, pig or dog.
- Anyway, you only have one golden retriever, SWORDDOG, and she is already armed to the hocks.
- 2
Meat from that part of a food animal.
- 3
The hollow behind the knee.
hockverb詞源 2
- 1
To disable by cutting the tendons of the hock; to hamstring; to hough.
hockverb詞源 3
- 1
To leave with a pawnbroker as security for a loan.
- Agent Beeman (Noah Emmerich): I think we got him. / Special Agent Gaad (Richard Thomas): Who? / Agent Beeman: I-I-I don't know. The guy who killed Chris, the--the Russians, the whole damn thing maybe. / Special Agent Gaad: You want to sit down? / Agent Beeman: The guy from the salvage yard who hocked the ring, and he does business with some riffraff from the projects.
hocknoun詞源 3
- 1
informalPawn, obligation as collateral for a loan.
- He needed $750 to get his guitar out of hock at the pawnshop.
- But Ford Motor Co. needs another agency, either Standard & Poor's or Moody's, to make the same upgrade before it can get its blue oval logo, factories and other assets out of hock.
- 2
informalDebt.
- They were in hock to the bank for $35 million.
- 3
informalInstallment purchase.
- Later, Uncle Doc bought a couch on hock, then a bed.
- 4
informalPrison.
hockverb詞源 4
- 1
informalTo bother; to pester; to annoy incessantly.
hocknoun詞源 6
- 1
informalcard-gamesgamesThe last card turned up in the game of faro.
這個拼法也被記錄為下列字的變化形：
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。