會流出樹膠的樹
這棵樹的名字直接來自它滲出的東西——1670 年代因為會流樹膠而被叫做 gum tree，所以它跟上面那一組是同一條線。
gum tree · noun · B1
a gum tree; a tree that produces gum, often a eucalyptus.
桉樹；樹膠樹
核心畫面
Careful with this one: two different words happen to be spelled gum. The bigger one is the sticky stuff that seeps out of a tree trunk — thick, slow, and it holds anything it touches. Glue, chewing gum and the gum tree all come from that. The other one, the pink flesh holding your teeth, is a separate old English word that only looks the same.
這個字要小心：拼法一樣的其實是兩個不同的字。比較大的那一支是樹幹滲出來的黏稠液體——濃、慢、碰到什麼就黏住什麼；黏膠…更多收起
這個字要小心：拼法一樣的其實是兩個不同的字。比較大的那一支是樹幹滲出來的黏稠液體——濃、慢、碰到什麼就黏住什麼；黏膠、口香糖、還有桉樹（gum tree）都是從這裡來的。另一支是嘴巴裡撐著牙齒的那圈粉紅色肉，它是一個古英語留下來的字，只是長得跟前者一模一樣。把兩支分開記，這個字就不亂了。From the word’s history
The resin word comes from Old French gome '(medicinal) gum, resin', from Late Latin gumma, via Greek kommi and ultimately Egyptian kemai; used for plant resin from about 1300, for a sweetened chewy candy by 1827, and shortened from chewing gum by 1842 in American English. The gum tree is named (1670s) for the resin it gives off. The mouth word is unrelated: Old English goma 'palate, side of the mouth'.
「樹膠」這一支來自古法文 gome「（藥用的）樹膠、樹脂」，再往上是後期拉丁文 gumma、希臘文 kommi，最遠可追到埃及語 kemai；約 1300 年起指植物的樹脂，1827 年用來指加了糖的耐嚼糖果，1842 年美式英文把 chewing gum 縮成 gum。gum tree（桉樹）則是 1670 年代因為它會滲出樹膠而得名。至於「牙齦」是另一個字：來自古英語 goma「上顎、口腔內側」，跟樹膠沒有關係。
Etymonline, 'gum (n.1)' and 'gum (n.2)' — https://www.etymonline.com/word/gum
From the picture
嘴裡的牙齦
這一支跟樹膠沒有任何關係，只是拼法碰巧相同；把它當成另一個字記就好，不用去想它跟黏膠有什麼關聯。
gums (mouth) · noun · A2
the firm pink parts inside your mouth that hold your teeth in place.
牙齦
表示驚訝的老式感嘆
這是一個固定的感嘆語，跟樹膠或牙齦都接不上；資料來源沒有說明它是怎麼來的，所以就把它當成一句獨立的老話記著即可。
by gum! · noun · B2
used in the phrase by gum! to show surprise (spoken, old-fashioned).
天哪（驚訝）
Also in this word
gum (tree sap) · noun · B1
a sticky liquid that comes out of the stems of some trees.
樹膠
gum (glue) · noun · B1
a soft glue used to stick light things such as paper together (British English).
黏膠
chewing gum · noun · A2
a soft sweet that you chew for a long time but do not swallow.
口香糖
gum (stick with glue) · verb · B2
to stick things together using glue (old-fashioned, especially British English).
用膠黏
原始詞典資料19 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
Gumname
- 1
A surname.
gumnoun詞源 1/ɡʌm/
- 1
The flesh around the teeth.
gumverb詞源 1/ɡʌm/
- 1
To chew, especially of a toothless person or animal.
- 2
To deepen and enlarge the spaces between the teeth of (a worn saw), as with a gummer.
gumnoun詞源 2/ɡʌm/
- 1
biochemistrybiologybotanyA viscous water-soluble carbohydrate exudate of certain plants that hardens when it becomes dry, or such a substance as a component of a plant exudate.
- gum arabic
- gum-oleo-resin
- 2
Any viscous or sticky substance resembling the true gum.
- gum benzoin
- […] becoomed wi' the gum o' the coal-hill […]
- 3
Chewing gum.
- 4
A single piece of chewing gum.
- Do you have a gum to spare?
- Levi unwrapped a gum and put it in his mouth.
- 5
A gummi candy.
- 6
dialectalA hive made of a section of a hollow gum tree; hence, any roughly made hive.
- 7
dialectalA vessel or bin made from a hollow log.
- 8
dialectalA rubber overshoe.
另外 1 個記錄的用法
- 9
A gum tree.
gumverb詞源 2/ɡʌm/
- 1
To apply an adhesive or gum to; to make sticky by applying a sticky substance to.
- However, Albert said in his audiotape and in his speech that a lever designed to release the lifeboat's block and tackle was gummed up with red paint.
- 2
To stiffen with glue or gum.
- He frets like a gummed velvet.
- 3
To inelegantly attach into a sequence.
- It consists in gumming together long strips of words [that] have already been set in order by someone else, and making the results presentable by sheer humbug.
- 4
To impair the functioning of a thing or process.
- That cheap oil will gum up the engine valves.
- The new editor can gum up your article with too many commas.
這個拼法也被記錄為下列字的變化形：
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。