核心畫面

Two things drawn tightly together. The Latin root contrahere means 'to draw together', and that single pull explains both branches: a muscle drawing in on itself (getting smaller), and two parties drawn together into a binding tie (an agreement that holds them to each other).

可以想成「把東西往內拉緊、拉在一起」這個動作。contract 來自拉丁文 contrahere,意思就是「拉到一起更多收起可以想成「把東西往內拉緊、拉在一起」這個動作。contract 來自拉丁文 contrahere,意思就是「拉到一起」。從這一個「拉緊」的畫面可以長出兩條線:一條是物體自己往內縮(肌肉、金屬遇冷縮小);另一條是把兩方人拉到一起、綁成一條解不開的關係——也就是合約。兩邊看似無關,其實共用同一個「拉攏、收緊」的核心。

From the word’s history

From Latin contrahere 'to draw together' (con- 'together' + trahere 'to draw, pull'), source of both the 'shrink' and the 'binding agreement' senses.

源自拉丁文 contrahere「拉到一起」(con-「一起」+ trahere「拉、拖」)。正是這個「拉在一起」同時生出了「收縮變小」與「把雙方綁在一起的合約」兩支意思。

Oxford English Dictionary / etymonline (contract, v. & n.)

Four branches

往內縮緊(物理)

這支最貼近字根本義:東西自己往內被拉緊。

contract (shrink) · verb · B1

To become smaller or narrower, or to pull tighter together.

收縮

把雙方綁成約定

從「把東西拉到一起」延伸到「把兩方人拉到一起、綁成承諾」——這就是合約。

legal agreement · noun · B1

An official written agreement between two or more people or groups that says what each one must do.

合約

招惹上身(疾病)

從「把東西拉向自己、收進來」延伸到把病拉上身——疾病像是被你不情願地拉進體內。

contract an illness · verb · B1

To get an illness or disease.

感染(疾病)

暗殺委託(黑話)

黑社會把「合約」這個概念借過來:一筆同樣綁定雙方的、付錢的暗殺約定。

hired-hit agreement · noun · B1

In crime stories, a secret paid agreement to harm someone.

買兇的協議

原始詞典資料18 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

contractnoun詞源 1/ˈkɒntɹækt/

  • 1

    An agreement between two or more parties, to perform a specific job or work order, often temporary or of fixed duration and usually governed by a written agreement.

    • sign a contract
    • write up a contract
  • 2

    An agreement between two or more parties, to perform a specific job or work order, often temporary or of fixed duration and usually governed by a written agreement.

    • He worked a six-month contract on an oil rig.
  • 3

    lawAn agreement which the law will enforce in some way. A legally binding contract must contain at least one promise, i.e., a commitment or offer, by an offeror to and accepted by an offeree to do something in the future. A contract is thus executory rather than executed.

  • 4

    lawThe document containing such an agreement.

  • 5

    lawA part of legal studies dealing with laws and jurisdiction related to contracts.

  • 6

    informalAn order, usually given to a hired assassin, to kill someone.

    • The mafia boss put a contract out on the man who betrayed him.
  • 7

    bridgegamesThe declarer's undertaking to win the number of tricks bid with a stated suit as trump.

contractadj詞源 1/ˈkɒntɹækt/

  • 1

    obsoleteContracted; affianced; betrothed.

    • But thou, contracted to thine own bright eyes, feed'st thy light's flame with self-substantial fuel
  • 2

    obsoleteNot abstract; concrete.

    • But now in eche kinde of these, there are certaine nombers named Abſtracte: and other called nombers Contracte.

contractverb詞源 2/kənˈtɹækt/

  • 1

    To draw together or nearer; to shorten, narrow, or lessen.

    • The snail’s body contracted into its shell.
    • to contract one’s sphere of action
  • 2

    grammarhuman-scienceslinguisticsTo shorten by omitting a letter or letters or by reducing two or more vowels or syllables to one.

    • The word “cannot” is often contracted into “can’t”.
  • 3

    To make an agreement or contract; to covenant.

    • The company contracted with the council to build 200 new houses.
  • 4

    To enter into a contract with (someone or something).

    • We have just contracted new pest control services.
  • 5

    archaicTo enter into (an agreement) with mutual obligations; to make (an arrangement).

    • We have contracted an inviolable amitie, peace, and league with the aforesaid Queene.
    • Many persons […] had contracted marriage within the degrees of consanguinity […] prohibited by law.
  • 6

    To bring on; to incur; to acquire.

    • She contracted the habit of smoking in her teens.
    • to contract a debt
  • 7

    To gain or acquire (an illness).

    • At that time, the city [Christiania, now Oslo] was in the grip of a cholera epidemic, and victims were dying at the rate of 60 a day. Bradshaw contracted the disease, and died on September 6 [1853].
    • An officer contracted hepatitis B and died after handling the blood-soaked clothing of a homicide victim […]
  • 8

    To draw together so as to wrinkle; to knit.

    • And didſt contract, and purſe thy brow together, / As if thou then hadſt ſhut vp in thy braine, / Some horrible counſell: […]
另外 1 個記錄的用法
  • 9

    To betroth; to affiance.

    • The truth is, ſhe and I (long ſince contracted) / Are now ſo ſure that nothing can diſſolve vs: […]

資料來源:英文維基詞典 English WiktionaryCC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。