核心畫面
You can think of it as the speaker stamping a sentence: whatever else is uncertain here, this part I have no doubt about. It does not add new information — it adds the speaker's confidence to information already on the table, which is why it works just as well on a statement about the world as on an answer to a request.
可以想成說話的人在句子上蓋了一個章：別的都還不確定，但這一件我沒有任何懷疑。它本身不提供新資訊，只是把「我很確定」這…更多收起
可以想成說話的人在句子上蓋了一個章：別的都還不確定，但這一件我沒有任何懷疑。它本身不提供新資訊，只是把「我很確定」這層態度貼到已經講出來的內容上——正因為如此，它既能用在對事情的判斷上，也能用在回答別人的請求上。原始詞典資料3 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
certainlyadv/ˈsɜː.tn̩.li/
- 1
In a way which is certain; with certainty.
- he verily thought he had young live frogs in his belly, qui vivebant ex alimento suo, that lived by his nourishment, and was so certainly persuaded of it, that for many years following he could not be rectified in his conceit.
- The torque was "built up" in the special back axle and the car crawled tankwise but very certainly over the obstacles without a jar or hesitation.
- 2
Without doubt, surely.
- The accident was certainly caused by human error.
- That was certainly sweet of him.
- 3
An emphatic affirmative answer; of course.
- Would you like it with ice? Certainly, and with lemon please.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。