核心畫面

A helpful thread through all of 'casual': nothing is pinned down or taken too seriously — things are loose, , taken lightly. From a relaxed person who isn't , the word spreads to loose clothes, temporary jobs, chance meetings — anything where nothing is fixed or heavy.

可以用一條線把 casual 的意思串起來:什麼都沒有被綁死、沒有被當一回事——一切都是鬆的、沒排定的、輕輕帶過的。更多收起可以用一條線把 casual 的意思串起來:什麼都沒有被綁死、沒有被當一回事——一切都是鬆的、沒排定的、輕輕帶過的。從一個不緊張、不太在意的人出發,這個字散開到寬鬆的衣服、臨時的工作、偶然的相遇——凡是「沒固定、不沉重」的場合都算。

From the word’s history

From Latin casualis 'by chance', from casus 'a falling, chance', from cadere 'to fall'. The oldest idea is 'whatever happens to fall out, by chance' — and that unplanned, unfixed feeling is exactly what ties the relaxed, informal and occasional senses together.

源自拉丁文 casualis「碰巧的」,來自 casus「墜落、機遇」,再上溯到 cadere「落下」。最古老的意思是「碰巧掉下來、剛好發生的事」——這種「沒安排、沒固定」的感覺,正好把放鬆、非正式、偶爾等意思全都串在一起。

Online Etymology Dictionary (etymonline.com/word/casual)

Four branches

放鬆·不當回事的態度

核心那份「不綁死、輕輕帶過」用在人的態度上:不緊張、不太在意。

casual (relaxed attitude) · adjective · B1

Taking something lightly and showing little worry, whether that feeling is real or not.

隨性/不在乎

非正式·便服

態度放鬆了,穿著也跟著鬆下來:不講究、不正式的日常打扮。

casual (clothing) · adjective · B1

Comfortable and not formal, used especially about clothes you wear on relaxed days.

非正式的/便服的

不固定·臨時

核心的「沒被綁定」用在關係與安排上:短暫的、不深的、不規律的,都沒有被固定下來。

casual (temporary work) · adjective · B1

Working somewhere only for a short time, not as a permanent job.

臨時的(工作)

偶然·沒計畫

回到字根 casus「碰巧發生」:事情不是排好的,而是剛好落下來、湊巧發生的。

casual (by chance) · adjective · B1

Happening by chance, without being planned in advance.

偶然的/隨口的

原始詞典資料16 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

casualadj/ˈkaʒ(uː)əl/

  • 1

    Happening by chance.

    • They only had casual meetings.
    • casual breaks, in the general system
  • 2

    Coming without regularity; occasional or incidental.

    • The purchase of donuts was just a casual expense.
    • a constant habit, rather than a casual gesture
  • 3

    Employed irregularly.

    • He was just a casual worker.
    • This time was most dreadful for Lilian. Thrown on her own resources and almost penniless, she maintained herself and paid the rent of a wretched room near the hospital by working as a charwoman, sempstress, anything. In a moment she had dropped to the level of a casual labourer.
  • 4

    Careless.

    • I removed my jacket and threw it casually over the back of the settee.
  • 5

    Happening or coming to pass without design.

    • It was a casual sneer, obviously one of a long line. There was hatred behind it, but of a quiet, chronic type, nothing new or unduly virulent, and he was taken aback by the flicker of amazed incredulity that passed over the younger man's ravaged face.
    • Hogan assumed the entire creek bed was to be played as a casual hazard, moved his ball out and assessed himself a one-stroke penalty.
  • 6

    Informal; relaxed.

    • tone in casual interactions
  • 7

    Designed for informal or everyday use.

    • pants in the casual wear collection

casualnoun/ˈkaʒ(uː)əl/

  • 1

    A worker who is only working for a company occasionally, not as its permanent employee.

  • 2

    A worker who is doing a particular type of job temporarily, not as a lifetime career.

    • Of the scavagers proper there are, as in all classes of unskilled labour, that is to say, of labour which requires no previous apprenticeship, and to which any one can “turn his hand” on an emergency, two distinct orders of workmen, “the regulars and casuals” to adopt the trade terms; that is to say, the labourers consist of those who have been many years at the trade, constantly employed at it, and those who have but recently taken to it as a means of obtaining a subsistence after their ordinary resources have failed.
  • 3

    A soldier temporarily at a place of duty, usually en route to another place of duty.

  • 4

    historicalA member of a group of football hooligans who wear expensive designer clothing to avoid police attention; see casual (subculture).

    • At 15, he became a casual: one of the label-wearing, wedge-flicking, swaggering hooligan peacock boys who dominated the north-west when I was growing up. Casuals were working-class lads (called Perry boys in Manchester) who loved football, fighting and brilliant sportswear.
  • 5

    historicalOne who receives relief for a night in a parish to which he or she does not belong; a vagrant in the casual ward.

    • During the great prevalence of vagrancy, the cost of the sick was far greater than the expense of relief. In the quarter ending June 1848, no less than 322 casuals were under medical treatment, either in the workhouse of the Wandsworth and Clapham union or at the London Fever Hospital.
  • 6

    derogatoryinformalvideo-gamesA player of casual games.

    • The devs dumbed the game down so the casuals could enjoy it.
  • 7

    slanglifestyleA person whose engagement with media is relaxed or superficial.

    • Casuals outnumbered regulars in the art-house audience two to one.
    • Most often, when a series is marketed toward casuals, the loyals feel that their interests and needs are not being met.
  • 8

    datedA tramp.

    • I was a boy in 1922 or 1923, when buses first started to run between the village and the town; there were tramps, casuals as they were called; the whole pattern of my boyhood was knit into a very loaded atmosphere of human character.
另外 1 個記錄的用法
  • 9

    Shoes suitable for everyday use, as opposed to more formal footwear.

    • Next spring you’ll see more women than ever wearing “casuals” and “flats,” the shoes with the wedge heels or no heels at all.
    • In girls wearing casuals, ugly hypertrophied skin over the heels was frequently noted, probably due to the loose shoe moving as they walked.

資料來源:英文維基詞典 English WiktionaryCC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。