不用數字的推算：估計與事先算好
把桌上那堆小石子搬進腦袋裡：手上沒有算式，但一樣是拿已知的條件去推一個結果。差別只在推出來的東西——有時候推的是「事情大概是怎樣」，有時候推的是「這樣做會有什麼效果」。
estimate, reckon · verb · B2
to guess something by thinking carefully about the facts you already know.
推測；估計
核心畫面
Picture someone laying out what they know — the numbers, the prices, the hours — and working through them step by step until one clear answer comes out at the end. The feel of the word is not a quick look and a wild guess; it is a worked-out process with pieces going in and a result coming out. Everything else the word does keeps that shape, even when there are no numbers on the table at all.
可以想成一個人把手上知道的東西攤開來——數字、價錢、時數——然後一步一步推下去，最後推出一個清楚的答案。這個字的味道…更多收起
可以想成一個人把手上知道的東西攤開來——數字、價錢、時數——然後一步一步推下去，最後推出一個清楚的答案。這個字的味道不是「隨便瞄一眼猜一下」，而是「有東西放進去、有結果跑出來」的一段推演過程。它其他的用法都還保留著這個形狀，就算桌上一個數字也沒有。From the word’s history
From Latin calculare 'to reckon, compute', from calculus 'a pebble used as a reckoning counter' — itself a small form of calx 'limestone'. It entered English in the 1560s meaning 'to work out by computation'. The sense 'to plan, devise' is recorded by the 1650s, and an American use meaning 'think, guess' by the 1830s.
這個字來自拉丁文的 calculare（計算），而 calculare 來自 calculus——原意是「拿來當計數用的小石子」，是 calx（石灰石）的小稱。古人算數時真的是一顆一顆石子在排。所以這個字骨子裡的畫面很具體：把東西一顆一顆擺出來，推出總數。英文 1560 年代開始用它指「用算的把答案求出來」，1650 年代出現「事先規劃、設計」的意思，1830 年代的美式用法又多了「想、猜」這一層——這幾層意思，其實都是那堆小石子從桌面搬進了腦袋裡。
Online Etymology Dictionary (etymonline.com), entry 'calculate (v.)'
From the picture
Also in this word
compute a number · verb · B2
to find out an amount, price, or result by using numbers.
計算
原始詞典資料6 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
calculateverb/ˈkælkjʊleɪt/
- 1
mathematicssciencesTo determine the value of something or the solution to something by a mathematical process.
- Calculate the square root of 3 to 10 decimal places.
- 2
mathematicssciencesTo determine values or solutions by a mathematical process; reckon.
- 3
dialectalTo plan; to expect; to think.
- I stumbled along through the young pines and huckleberry bushes. Pretty soon I struck into a sort of path that, I cal’lated, might lead to the road I was hunting for. It twisted and turned, and, the first thing I knew, made a sudden bend around a bunch of bayberry scrub and opened out into a big clear space like a lawn.
- 4
To ascertain or predict by mathematical or astrological computations the time, circumstances, or other conditions of; to forecast or compute the character or consequences of.
- to calculate or cast one’s nativity
- A cunning man did calculate my birth.
- 5
To adjust for purpose; to adapt by forethought or calculation; to fit or prepare by the adaptation of means to an end.
- to calculate a system of laws for the government and protection of a free people
- [Religion] is […] calculated for our benefit.
- 6
board-gameschessgamesTo imagine sequences of potential moves and responses without actually moving the pieces.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。