核心畫面

You can picture a barrel with one hole in it, and a short fat plug pushed into that hole. Everything in this group can be held inside that one picture. The plug itself is a bung. The hole it fills is also called a bung. Pushing the plug home is to bung the barrel. And once you have the movement in your hand — a thing shoved quickly into a space — you have the everyday British and Australian bung it in the bag, and even the quiet envelope of money pushed into somebody's hand.

可以想成一個木桶,上面只有一個洞,還有一個短短胖胖的塞子被壓進那個洞裡。這一組意思都裝得進這張圖。塞子本身叫 bun更多收起可以想成一個木桶,上面只有一個洞,還有一個短短胖胖的塞子被壓進那個洞裡。這一組意思都裝得進這張圖。塞子本身叫 bung。它塞住的那個洞也叫 bung。把塞子壓進去,動詞就是 bung。而當你只留下那個手勢——把東西快速塞進一個空間——就得到日常口語的 bung it in the bag。再往下走一步,連那個悄悄塞進別人手裡的信封,也還在同一張圖裡。

From the word’s history

The supplied Wiktionary etymology traces this bung to Medieval Dutch bonge, a stopper, possibly through French bonde, and perhaps further back to Latin punctus, something pricked, that is, a hole. So the hole and the plug have been travelling together in this word from the start.

來源提供的字源說:這個 bung 來自中古荷蘭文 bonge(塞子),可能經過法文 bonde,再往上可能連到拉丁文 punctus(被刺出來的洞)。也就是說,「洞」跟「塞住洞的東西」從一開始就綁在同一個字裡。

Wiktionary 'bung' etymology 1, supplied verbatim in this batch's evidence packet (source_ref kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:917896696)

Three branches

塞子與它塞住的洞

這一族就是核心畫面本身,三個意思剛好是同一件事的三個面:東西、位置、動作。

noun · C1

A round piece of rubber, cork, wood or plastic that you push into the hole of a bottle, barrel or other container to close it and keep the liquid inside.

塞子

隨手把東西塞進去

塞子留下的是一個手勢:把東西往一個空間裡一送。把木桶拿掉,只留下這個手勢,就是這一族。

verb · C1

To put or throw something somewhere quickly and without care about how it lands or how it looks.

隨手丟/塞進去

暗中塞給別人的錢

再往前推一步:塞進去的不是衣服,而是錢,而且是塞給人、不讓別人看見。這是教學上的連結,不是歷史上的推論。

noun · C1

Money given to someone secretly, and usually against the rules or the law, so that they will do something for you.

暗中給的賄款

原始詞典資料12 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

bungnoun詞源 1/ˈbʌŋ/

  • 1

    A stopper, alternative to a cork, often made of rubber, used to prevent fluid passing through the neck of a bottle, vat, a hole in a vessel etc.

    • With the heavy seas trying to broach the boat they baled — and eventually found someone had forgotten to put the bung in.
    • Andre pulled the bung from the top of a barrel, applied a glass tube with a suction device, and withdrew a pale, almost greenish liquid.
  • 2

    The cecum or anus, especially of livestock but sometimes (slang) of humans.

    • Chitterlings are comprised of the hog's large intestine and may include the bung.
  • 3

    slangA bribe.

    • It is almost a year since Luton Town's manager, Mike Newell, decided that whistle-blowing was no longer the preserve of referees and went public about illegal bungs.
    • Is this a case of mere ‘bungs’ (a form of bribery) at play in the book trade, a success bought with massive advertising effort and distribution through the author’s drugstore chain?
  • 4

    The orifice in the bilge of a cask through which it is filled; bung-hole.

  • 5

    obsoleteslangA sharper or pickpocket.

    • You filthy bung, away.
  • 6

    obsoleteslangThe landlord of a public house.

    • "Well, sir, I haven't got one," said the landlord, "or you should have it directly." […] "Could you oblige me with such a thing as a postage stamp?" "No," said the Bung; "don't keep 'em!"

bungverb詞源 1/ˈbʌŋ/

  • 1

    To plug, as with a bung.

    • It has not yet been ascertained, which is the precise time when it becomes indispensable to bung the cider. The best, I believe, that can be done, is to seize the critical moment which precedes the formation of a pellicle on the surface...
    • Put the wine into a cask, cover up the bung-hole to keep out the dust, and when the hissing sound ceases, bung the hole closely, and leave the wine untouched for twelve months.
  • 2

    informalTo put, throw, or place something without care; to chuck.

    • "Doctors are queer birds. This one didn't mind a bit dabbling about that old thing to find out what had happened inside her. He's fixed her up for tonight and is coming tomorrow to put her leg in plaster, or something. He wanted to bung her off to a hospital, but I persuaded him not to."
    • Of course, the weird thing is that he found Marianne Faithfull at the same time and bunged it onto her, and it was a fucking hit, so already we're songwriters.
  • 3

    To batter, bruise; to cause to bulge or swell.

    • [T]he Chicken had been tapped, and bunged, and had received pepper, and had been made groggy, and had come up piping, and had endured a complication of similar strange inconveniences, until he had been gone into and finished.
  • 4

    To pass a bribe to (someone).

bungadj詞源 2/ˈbʌŋ/

  • 1

    slangBroken, not in working order; damaged; injured.

    • […] My right eye has gone bung, and my left one is pretty dicky.
    • ‘Morning Mrs. Weissnicht. I′ve just heard as how your washing-machine′s gone bung.’

bungnoun詞源 3/ˈbʌŋ/

  • 1

    obsoleteA purse.

    • Oft thsi crew of mates met together, and said there was no hope of nipping the boung because he held open his gowne so wide, and walked in such an open place.
    • Ben mort, shall you and I heave a bough, mill a ken, or nip a bung, and then we'll couch a hogshead under the ruffmans, and there you shall wap with me, and I'll niggle with you.

資料來源:英文維基詞典 English WiktionaryCC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。