塞子與它塞住的洞
這一族就是核心畫面本身,三個意思剛好是同一件事的三個面:東西、位置、動作。
noun · C1
A round piece of rubber, cork, wood or plastic that you push into the hole of a bottle, barrel or other container to close it and keep the liquid inside.
塞子
You can picture a barrel with one hole in it, and a short fat plug pushed into that hole. Everything in this group can be held inside that one picture. The plug itself is a bung. The hole it fills is also called a bung. Pushing the plug home is to bung the barrel. And once you have the movement in your hand — a thing shoved quickly into a space — you have the everyday British and Australian bung it in the bag, and even the quiet envelope of money pushed into somebody's hand.
The supplied Wiktionary etymology traces this bung to Medieval Dutch bonge, a stopper, possibly through French bonde, and perhaps further back to Latin punctus, something pricked, that is, a hole. So the hole and the plug have been travelling together in this word from the start.
來源提供的字源說:這個 bung 來自中古荷蘭文 bonge(塞子),可能經過法文 bonde,再往上可能連到拉丁文 punctus(被刺出來的洞)。也就是說,「洞」跟「塞住洞的東西」從一開始就綁在同一個字裡。
Wiktionary 'bung' etymology 1, supplied verbatim in this batch's evidence packet (source_ref kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:917896696)
Three branches
塞子與它塞住的洞
這一族就是核心畫面本身,三個意思剛好是同一件事的三個面:東西、位置、動作。
noun · C1
A round piece of rubber, cork, wood or plastic that you push into the hole of a bottle, barrel or other container to close it and keep the liquid inside.
塞子
隨手把東西塞進去
塞子留下的是一個手勢:把東西往一個空間裡一送。把木桶拿掉,只留下這個手勢,就是這一族。
verb · C1
To put or throw something somewhere quickly and without care about how it lands or how it looks.
隨手丟/塞進去
暗中塞給別人的錢
再往前推一步:塞進去的不是衣服,而是錢,而且是塞給人、不讓別人看見。這是教學上的連結,不是歷史上的推論。
noun · C1
Money given to someone secretly, and usually against the rules or the law, so that they will do something for you.
暗中給的賄款
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
bungnoun詞源 1/ˈbʌŋ/
A stopper, alternative to a cork, often made of rubber, used to prevent fluid passing through the neck of a bottle, vat, a hole in a vessel etc.
The cecum or anus, especially of livestock but sometimes (slang) of humans.
slangA bribe.
The orifice in the bilge of a cask through which it is filled; bung-hole.
obsoleteslangA sharper or pickpocket.
obsoleteslangThe landlord of a public house.
bungverb詞源 1/ˈbʌŋ/
To plug, as with a bung.
informalTo put, throw, or place something without care; to chuck.
To batter, bruise; to cause to bulge or swell.
To pass a bribe to (someone).
bungadj詞源 2/ˈbʌŋ/
slangBroken, not in working order; damaged; injured.
bungnoun詞源 3/ˈbʌŋ/
obsoleteA purse.
資料來源:英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary(CC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。