Bolshevik can be pictured as a party badge from one year in Russian history. It first pinned on a real person: a member of the group that took power in 1917. A badge like that is easy to take off the original owner and pin on somebody else, and that is what the second use does — someone throws the name at a person they disagree with, meaning it as an insult rather than as a fact.
「Bolshevik」可以想成俄國歷史上某一年留下來的一枚政黨徽章。它最早別在真實的人身上：1917 年掌權的那個黨派的成員。而徽章這種東西很容易被摘下來，別到別人身上。第二個用法做的正是這件事——有人把這個名字丟到意見不同的人身上，當成罵人的標籤，而不是在陳述事實。這只是一種理解方式，不是字源上的說法。
From the word’s history
Borrowed from Russian большевик, from большинство, meaning "majority". The name was taken by one side of a split as the larger group, and it then hardened into the party's name, which is the historical sense English borrowed.
這個字借自俄文 большевик，來自 большинство（多數）。名字原本是分裂時自稱人數較多的那一邊用的，後來固定成整個黨派的稱呼。英文借進來的，就是這個歷史上的用法。
Wiktionary, "bolshevik"
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