文明的反面：不在乎藝術與學問
同一條線，但畫線的標準換成了文化。不必有人受傷：只要藝術、學問、老建築被當成不值得留的東西，作者就可能用這個字，說整個社會退到線外去了。
noun · C2
A state in which art, learning and culture are not valued or protected, so that a society looks as if it has fallen away from civilized life.
野蠻狀態／文明的倒退
核心畫面
Think of someone drawing a line and saying: on this side we can live together, and what you did is on the other side. Barbarism can be thought of as the name for whatever has been put on the far side of that line. That is why the word always carries a judgement, and why what it points at changes with who is holding the pen — a cruel act, a society that has stopped caring about art, or even a badly built word.
可以想成有人畫了一條線，然後說：線的這邊我們才能一起生活，而你做的事在另一邊。barbarism 就像是在替「被丟到…更多收起
可以想成有人畫了一條線，然後說：線的這邊我們才能一起生活，而你做的事在另一邊。barbarism 就像是在替「被丟到線另一邊的東西」取名字。所以這個字永遠帶著評價。也因為線是人畫的，它指到的東西才會差那麼多：可以是殘忍的行為，可以是不再在乎藝術的社會，甚至可以是一個被認為造錯的字。From the picture
舊式文法：一個被判定造錯的字
這一支和殘忍沒有關係，線被畫在語言上：哪些字算合規矩，哪些字被踢出去。本包沒有提供詞源證據說明這兩條路怎麼連起來，所以這裡只把它當成一個獨立的專門用法，不硬說它是從「殘忍」延伸出來的。
noun · C2
In older writing about language: a word that breaks the accepted rules — one built from roots of two different languages, or one that is mispronounced or wrongly formed.
（舊式文法用語）不合規矩的字
Also in this word
noun · C1
Extremely violent and cruel behaviour, of a kind most people think no society should ever accept.
野蠻（暴行）