喜樂美語

核心畫面

One way to hold this word: something is pulled out of the place it was sitting in. Pull the key points out of a long report and you have an abstract; pull an idea away from the real cases it came from and it becomes abstract thinking; pull the recognisable people and objects out of a painting and what is left — shape and colour — is abstract art. The English keeps that one motion in view: taken out, away from the particular thing it was attached to.

可以想成「把東西從它原本待的地方抽出來」這個動作。從一份長報告裡抽出最要緊的幾點，抽出來的那份東西就是摘要（an a…更多收起可以想成「把東西從它原本待的地方抽出來」這個動作。從一份長報告裡抽出最要緊的幾點，抽出來的那份東西就是摘要（an abstract）；把一個想法從它原本依附的真實案例裡抽離，只留下通則，那個想法就變得抽象；把畫裡看得出來的人和物抽掉，剩下形狀和顏色，那就是抽象畫。三種用法看起來離很遠，但都保留同一個動作：被拿出來、離開了原本那個具體的東西。

原始詞典資料34 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

abstractnoun/ˈæbˌstɹækt/

  • 1

    An abridgement or summary of a longer publication.

    • An analysis and abstract of every treatise he had read.
  • 2

    Something that concentrates in itself the qualities of a larger item, or multiple items.

    • Man, the abstract Of all perfection, which the workmanship Of Heaven hath modeled.
  • 3

    Something that concentrates in itself the qualities of a larger item, or multiple items.

  • 4

    medicinesciencesSomething that concentrates in itself the qualities of a larger item, or multiple items.

  • 5

    An abstraction; an abstract term; that which is abstract.

    • Thus the concrete like has its abstract likeness; the concretes, father and son, have the abstracts, paternity and filiation.
  • 6

    The theoretical way of looking at things; something that exists only in idealized form.

  • 7

    artartsAn abstract work of art.

  • 8

    businessreal-estateA summary title of the key points detailing a tract of land, for ownership; abstract of title.

abstractadj/ˈæbˌstɹækt/

  • 1

    obsoleteDerived; extracted.

  • 2

    archaicDrawn away; removed from; apart from; separate.

    • The more abstract we are from the body ... the more fit we shall be to behold divine light.
  • 3

    Not concrete: conceptual, ideal.

    • Her new film is an abstract piece, combining elements of magic realism, flashbacks, and animation but with very little in terms of plot construction.
  • 4

    Not concrete: conceptual, ideal.

  • 5

    Not concrete: conceptual, ideal.

    • During the late 1950s and throughout the 1960s, this commitment brought him into frequent critical confrontation with entrenched forms of conservative thinking (in academic areas from history and social science to the more abstract domains of ethical and political philosophy),[…]
  • 6

    grammarhuman-scienceslinguisticsNot concrete: conceptual, ideal.

  • 7

    Difficult to understand; abstruse; hard to conceptualize.

    • The politician gave a somewhat abstract answer when asked about their plans to cut spending.
    • Abstract words such as glory, honour, courage, or hallow were obscene.
  • 8

    Separately expressing a property or attribute of an object that is considered to be inherent to that object: attributive, ascriptive.

    • A concrete name is a name which stands for a thing; an abstract name which stands for an attribute of a thing...
另外 6 個記錄的用法
  • 9

    Pertaining comprehensively to, or representing, a class or group of objects, as opposed to any specific object; considered apart from any application to a particular object: general, generic, nonspecific; representational.

    • A concrete name is a name which stands for a thing; an abstract name which stands for an attribute of a thing.[…]A practice, however, has grown up in more modern times, which, if not introduced by Locke, has gained currency from his example, of applying the expression "abstract name" to all names which are the result of abstraction and generalization, and consequently to all general names, instead of confining it to the names of attributes.
    • Given their opposition to innate ideas, philosophers in the empiricist tradition have sought to explain how the rich and multifarious representational capacities that human beings possess derive from experience. A key explanatory strategy in this tradition, tracing back at least as far as John Locke’s An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, is to maintain that the acquisition of many of these capacities can be accounted for by a process of abstraction. In fact, Locke himself claims in the Essay that abstraction is the source of all general ideas (1690/1975, II, xii, §1). Although Berkeley and Hume were highly critical of Locke, abstraction as a source of generality has been a lasting theme in empiricist thought.
  • 10

    archaicAbsent-minded.

    • Abſtract as in a tranſe methought I ſaw, abstract, as in a trance
    • White and abstract-looking, he sat and ate his dinner.
  • 11

    artartsPertaining to the formal aspect of art, such as the lines, colors, shapes, and the relationships among them.

    • But his design is wonderful. He’s getting more and more abstract every day. He’d given up the third dimension when I was there and was just thinking of giving up the second. Soon, he says, there’ll be just the blank canvas. That’s the logical conclusion. Complete abstraction.
  • 12

    artartsentertainmentPertaining to the formal aspect of art, such as the lines, colors, shapes, and the relationships among them.

  • 13

    artartsdancePertaining to the formal aspect of art, such as the lines, colors, shapes, and the relationships among them.

  • 14

    Being a partial basis for subclasses rather than a complete template for objects.

abstractverb/ˈæbˌstɹækt/

  • 1

    To separate; to disengage.

    • He was incapable of forming any opinion or resolution abstracted from his own prejudices.
  • 2

    To separate; to disengage.

    • The lightning of the public burdens, which at present abstract a large proportion of profits and wages.
  • 3

    To separate; to disengage.

    • Von Rosen had quietly abstracted the bearing-reins from the harness.
    • The inlaid characters in diamond, and other precious stones, have been all abstracted away by the pelf-loving Jaut and Mahratta—leaving the walls defaced with the hollow marks of the chisel.
  • 4

    obsoleteTo separate; to disengage.

    • Poison from roses who could e'er abstract?
  • 5

    To separate; to disengage.

    • The young stranger had been abstracted and silent.
    • He was wholly abstracted by other objects.
  • 6

    To separate; to disengage.

  • 7

    To separate; to disengage.

    • To abstract the notions of time, of space, and of matter.
  • 8

    To separate; to disengage.

另外 4 個記錄的用法
  • 9

    rareTo separate; to disengage.

    • I own myself able to abstract in one sense.
  • 10

    To separate; to disengage.

  • 11

    computingengineeringmathematicsTo separate; to disengage.

    • He abstracted out the square root function.
  • 12

    To summarize; to abridge; to epitomize.

資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。