核心畫面

One way to hold this word: something is filled right up with woe. Woe is old, heavy sadness, and the ending -ful means the thing is full of it. So the picture can be a container brimming over with sorrow. Sometimes the container is a person, and the sorrow shows in the eyes and the voice. Sometimes the container is a situation, and what brims over is not tears but the feeling that this is bad enough to make you sigh.

可以想成:這個東西「裝滿了 woe」。woe 是很沉、很舊的那種悲傷或災禍,-ful 則是「滿是…的」。所以核心畫面更多收起可以想成:這個東西「裝滿了 woe」。woe 是很沉、很舊的那種悲傷或災禍,-ful 則是「滿是…的」。所以核心畫面比較像一個盛滿悲傷、快要溢出來的容器。裝著悲傷的如果是人,悲傷就從眼神和聲音漏出來。裝著悲傷的如果是一件事,漏出來的不是眼淚,而是「糟到讓人嘆氣」的那種感覺。

From the word’s history

Middle English woful, from woe plus -ful, literally 'full of woe'.

中古英語寫作 woful,由 woe(悲傷、災禍)加 -ful(滿是…的)組成,字面就是「滿是悲傷的」。

Wiktionary 'woeful' etymology, supplied in the evidence packet (kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:869429145)

Two branches

人身上滿出來的悲傷

這一支最貼近字面:容器就是人,裝的就是悲傷本身。

adjective · C1

Full of sadness, in a way that other people can see or hear. It is used mainly in stories, songs and older writing.

悲傷的;哀戚的

事情糟到讓人嘆氣

同一個容器換成一件事:滿出來的不是眼淚,而是「這也太糟了」的情緒。

adjective · C1

So bad that it is a real problem. It is used about how little there is of something, or about how badly something was done.

糟糕的;差勁的