核心畫面

Think of the moment water comes out of a kettle. It is not just warm and it is not just very hot: touch it and skin is hurt. That is the exact line this word sits on, the heat that does damage. Everything the word does keeps that line in view - the drink you must wait to drink, the burn it leaves, the words that sting when you read them, the tears that feel like heat on a face.

可以想成水剛從熱水壺裡倒出來的那一瞬間。那不只是溫,也不只是很熱:碰到就會傷到皮膚。這個字站的就是這條線上,會造成傷更多收起可以想成水剛從熱水壺裡倒出來的那一瞬間。那不只是溫,也不只是很熱:碰到就會傷到皮膚。這個字站的就是這條線上,會造成傷害的那種熱。它後來的每個用法都還看得到這條線:要等一下才能喝的飲料、燙出來的傷、讀了會痛的文字、還有臉上那種燙燙的眼淚。

From the word’s history

The packet traces scald back through Old French to Latin excaldo, built on calidus meaning hot - the picture of washing or drenching in hot water.

資料來源把 scald 追到拉丁文 excaldō,裡面有 calidus(熱的),可以想成「用很燙的水沖」。

Wiktionary etymology_text supplied in packet (kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:1352440705): etymology tree via Latin ex- + calidus/caldus, Latin excaldo, Old French.

Two branches

真的燙到會受傷

這一組就是那條線本身:一邊是造成傷害的熱,一邊是它留下的傷。

adjective · B2

So hot that it would burn your skin if it touched you. It is used mostly about liquids such as water, tea, and soup, and about steam.

滾燙的

把這種熱移到人身上

重點不再是溫度,而是「會痛」這一點:說出來的話或流下的眼淚,都被寫成像燙到一樣。

adjective · C1

Extremely harsh and critical: used about words, writing, or a look that attacks someone or something very strongly.

嚴厲抨擊的