喜樂美語

核心畫面

One picture runs through all of it: drawing back out of the place where things are happening. Step back from the room and you have gone somewhere quiet; step back from the race, the army's position, or the working world, and the same movement gets the names 退賽, 撤退, 退休. Even going to bed is that same withdrawal from company.

整個字底下是同一個畫面：從「正在發生事情的地方」往後退出來。從一個房間退出來，你就是去了安靜的地方；從一場比賽、一個…更多收起整個字底下是同一個畫面：從「正在發生事情的地方」往後退出來。從一個房間退出來，你就是去了安靜的地方；從一場比賽、一個陣地、一整個職場退出來，同樣的動作就分別得到退賽、撤退、退休這些名字。連上床睡覺，也是從人群中退開的那個動作。

From the word’s history

Etymonline: retire is from French retirer 'to withdraw (something)', from re- 'back' plus Old French tirer 'to draw'. In the 1530s it meant, of armies, 'to retreat, draw back', and of persons, 'to withdraw to some place, especially for the sake of privacy'. Both 'leave one's business or occupation' and 'leave company and go to bed' are recorded from the 1660s, and the transitive 'remove someone from active service' by the 1680s.

Etymonline 記載：retire 來自法文 retirer「把某物抽回」，由 re-「向後」加上古法文 tirer「拉」組成。1530 年代用在軍隊上是「撤退、往後拉」，用在人身上則是「退到某處，尤其是為了獨處」。「離開自己的行業」和「離開人群去睡覺」兩個意思都有 1660 年代的紀錄，及物的「讓某人退出現職」則在 1680 年代出現。所以退休、退席、就寢、撤退不是四個意思，是同一個「往後退開」。

Etymonline, entry "retire" (etymonline.com/word/retire)

From the picture

從職場退出來

退出的範圍從一個房間放大到整個工作生涯：到了年紀就從職場上退下來，不再回去。

retire (from work) · verb · A2

to stop working, usually because you have reached the age when people stop working.

退休

中途退出比賽或陣地

同樣是往後退出來，但退的是還沒結束的場合：比賽還在跑、戰事還在打，你先撤了出來。

retire (from a race) · verb · B1

to stop taking part in a game or race before it ends, because you are hurt or cannot keep going.

退賽；中途退出

Also in this word

withdraw somewhere quiet · verb · B2

to leave a room or a group of people and go somewhere quiet.

退到（安靜處）；離席

(jury) withdraw to deliberate · verb · B2

when the group of people who decide a court case leave the room to talk about it in private.

（陪審團）退席商議

go to bed · verb · C1

to go to bed.

就寢

原始詞典資料16 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

retireverb詞源 1/ɹɪˈtaɪə/

  • 1

    To stop working on a permanent basis, usually because of old age or illness.

    • Having made a large fortune, he retired.
    • He wants to retire at 55.
  • 2

    hobbieslifestylesportsTo stop playing their sport and in competitions a sports player.

    • I have decided to retire from football at the end of the season after the World Cup.
    • I have decided to retire from test cricket at 45.
  • 3

    To withdraw; to take away.

    • He […] retired himself, his wife, and children into a forest.
    • As when the sun is present all the year, / And never doth retire his golden ray.
  • 4

    To cease use or production of something.

    • The steamship made thousands of trips over several decades before it was retired by the shipping company.
    • When a hurricane becomes so deadly or destructive that future use would be insensitive, officials may retire the name of the hurricane.
  • 5

    To withdraw from circulation, or from the market; to take up and pay.

    • The central bank retired those notes five years ago.
  • 6

    To cause to retire; specifically, to designate as no longer qualified for active service; to place on the retired list.

    • The board retired the old major.
    • How had it felt, at 28, to be the hottest young actor in town? He [Richard Gere] grinned. “It was great having the attention,” he said. “I thought: ‘This is it! I’ve done it! I’m going to retire my father. I’m putting money away for college for my sisters,’ the whole thing. It’s incredibly euphorious. All of a sudden the rehearsal period of your life is over, and your future has arrived. It’s liberating.”
  • 7

    ball-gamescricketgamesTo voluntarily stop batting before being dismissed so that the next batsman can bat.

    • Jones retired in favour of Smith.
  • 8

    ball-gamesbaseballgamesTo make a play which results in a runner or the batter being out, either by means of a put out, fly out or strikeout. Also, when such an event ends a team's turn at bat.

    • Jones retired Smith 6-3.
    • Jones makes the catch for the third out, and that retires the side.
另外 4 個記錄的用法
  • 9

    To go back or return; to withdraw or retreat, especially from public view; to go into privacy.

    • I will retire to the study.
    • to retire from the world
  • 10

    To retreat from action or danger; to withdraw for safety or pleasure.

    • to retire from battle
    • The regiment retired from the fray after the Major was killed.
  • 11

    To recede; to fall or bend back.

    • Past the point, the shore retires into a sequence of coves.
  • 12

    To go to bed.

    • I will retire for the night.
    • In the daytime the beds are made up but completely out of sight, giving the passenger a comfortable little private room; as the time for retiring comes, after preparing for rest in the same spacious conditions, he is able, practically at a touch, to pull the bed into position ready for use.

retirenoun詞源 1/ɹɪˈtaɪə/

  • 1

    rareThe act of retiring, or the state of being retired.

  • 2

    A place to which one retires.

  • 3

    datedA call sounded on a bugle, announcing to skirmishers that they are to retire, or fall back.

    • At the retire, the cavalry fell back.

retireverb詞源 2/ɹiˈtaɪɚ/

  • 1

    To fit (a vehicle) with new tires.

資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。