喜樂美語

核心畫面

One way to picture it: putting something down in a fixed position and letting it stay there for others to look at. You hold your body still for the camera; you set a question down in front of a room; you put on a self for people to see. In every case something is placed, and then held there in view.

把某個東西「擺」到一個位置上，然後定在那裡讓別人看。攝影師說 hold it，你就把身體定住不動——這是最看得見的一…更多收起把某個東西「擺」到一個位置上，然後定在那裡讓別人看。攝影師說 hold it，你就把身體定住不動——這是最看得見的一層。而同一個動作可以擺的不只是身體：你可以把一個問題擺到大家面前，可以把一個身分擺出來給人看，也可以把一個難題擺在別人路上。字根 poser 本來就是「放置」的意思，所以無論擺的是身體、問題還是假身分，動作是同一個：放好，然後停在那裡被看見。

From the word’s history

From Old French poser "to put, place, set down," from Vulgar Latin pausāre "to halt, pause" (Latin pausa). The two halves of the modern word are already in the root: place it, and stop there.

來自古法文 poser「放置、擺放」，再往上是通俗拉丁文 pausāre「停下、暫停」（拉丁 pausa，就是英文 pause 的來源）。現代 pose 的兩個關鍵動作在字根裡已經都有了：「放到位」加上「停住」。這也解釋了為什麼擺姿勢的英文是 pose——不是隨便動一動，而是擺好之後不准動。

Wiktionary ("pose", verb: Middle English posen ← Old French poser ← Vulgar Latin pausāre ← Latin pausa ← Ancient Greek παῦσις); note the separate posen ← aposen/opposen branch listed for the "ask a question" sense

Three branches

把身體擺住給人看

這一家就是核心畫面最實體的版本：擺的東西是自己的身體，停住不動，等著被拍、被畫。

pose for a photo or painting · verb · C1

To sit or stand in a particular position so that you can be photographed or painted, or to make someone do this.

擺姿勢

擺出一個假的自己

從「擺身體」延伸到「擺身分」：同樣是放好一個樣子讓人看，只是這次擺出來的東西是假的，所以整家都染上了裝假的味道。

pose as someone (pretend to be) · verb · C1

To pretend to be someone else in order to deceive people.

冒充

把問題或難題擺到人前

一樣是「放好，讓它停在那裡被面對」，只是放的不是身體而是問題或麻煩，而且這次是放在別人面前，等對方接手。

ask (a question) · verb · C1

To ask a question, especially one that people need to think about carefully.

提出

原始詞典資料14 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

posenoun詞源 1/poʊz/

  • 1

    archaicCommon cold, head cold; catarrh.

    • Now […] have we many chimnies, and yet our tenderlings complain of rheums, catarrhs, and poses.
    • Megg yesterday was troubled with a pose, Which, this night hardned, sodders up her nose.

poseverb詞源 2/poʊz/

  • 1

    To place in an attitude or fixed position, for the sake of effect.

    • To pose a model for a picture.
  • 2

    To ask; to set (a test, quiz, riddle, etc.).

  • 3

    To constitute (a danger, a threat, a risk, etc.).

    • Rather, they are concerned with the threat Iran poses to the region and the world.
    • Rooney's United team-mate Chris Smalling was given his debut at right-back and was able to adjust to the international stage in relatively relaxed fashion as Bulgaria barely posed a threat of any consequence.
  • 4

    To falsely impersonate (another person or occupation) primarily for the purpose of accomplishing something or reaching a goal.

  • 5

    To assume or maintain a pose; to strike an attitude.

    • He […] posed before her as a hero.
  • 6

    To behave affectedly in order to attract interest or admiration.

    • dressed-to-kill babes and their sugar daddies would rather pose in malls, and teenagers can find McDonald's anywhere, leaving Váci utterly dependent on tourists for its livelihood and bustle.
  • 7

    obsoleteTo interrogate; to question.

    • She pretended to […] pose him and sift him.
  • 8

    obsoleteTo question with a view to puzzling; to embarrass by questioning or scrutiny; to bring to a stand.

    • A question wherewith a learned Pharisee thought to pose or puzzle him.
    • The Doctor […] had likewise a pair of little eyes that were always half shut up, and a mouth that was always half expanded into a grin, as if he had, that moment, posed a boy, and were waiting to convict him from his own lips.

posenoun詞源 2/poʊz/

  • 1

    Position, posture, arrangement (especially of the human body).

    • Please adopt a more graceful pose for my camera.
    • Then came a maid with hand-bag and shawls, and after her a tall young lady. She stood for a moment holding her skirt above the grimy steps, with something of the stately pose which Richter has given his Queen Louise on the stairway,[…].
  • 2

    Affectation.

poseverb詞源 3/poʊz/

  • 1

    obsoleteTo ask (someone) questions; to interrogate.

    • And hit fortuned that after .iii. dayes, they founde hym in the temple sittinge in the middes of the doctours, both hearynge them, and posinge them.
    • 'Tis my solitary recreation to pose my apprehension with those involved Ænigmas and riddles of the Trinity, with Incarnation and Resurrection.
  • 2

    archaicto puzzle, non-plus, or embarrass with difficult questions.

  • 3

    archaicTo perplex or confuse (someone).

資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。