核心畫面

The useful picture here is the ending. Take 'peer', a British noble with a title, and wrap -age around it. That ending can close around a word in more than one way: it can gather many things into one body, and it can turn a person into the standing that person holds. So one word ends up covering everything a title touches — all the title-holders together, the single title itself, and even the printed book that lists them. If you are unsure which one a sentence means, look at the little word in front: 'the' points at the whole group, 'a' points at one title or one book.

這個字最好用的線索在字尾。拿 peer(有爵位的英國貴族),外面包上 -age。這個字尾可以從不同角度收攏一個字:它更多收起這個字最好用的線索在字尾。拿 peer(有爵位的英國貴族),外面包上 -age。這個字尾可以從不同角度收攏一個字:它可以把很多個人收成一個整體,也可以把一個人變成他所擁有的身分。所以同一個字最後涵蓋了跟爵位有關的一切——所有持有爵位的人、那個頭銜本身,甚至把這些全部列出來的那本書。分不清的時候,看前面那個小字:the 指整個群體,a 指一個頭銜或一本書。

From the word’s history

Recorded as inherited from Middle English perage, from Old French parage, and analysable on the surface as peer plus -age; it is a doublet of parage.

依據來源,這個字承自中古英文 perage,來自古法文 parage,就表面結構看則是 peer 加上 -age,並且跟 parage 同源。這說明了為什麼「群體」和「身分」兩個方向會落在同一個字上。

Wiktionary entry supplied in this packet (source_ref kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:1070547986:12594): 'Inherited from Middle English perage, from Old French parage. By surface analysis, peer + -age. Doublet of parage.'

Two branches

一群人:貴族這個階層

這一支走的是 -age 的「整體」方向:把一個一個的 peer 收成一個群體。名錄那本書也放在這裡,因為它就是這個群體被寫下來的樣子。

noun · C1

The whole body of British nobles — dukes, marquesses, earls, viscounts and barons — thought of together as one group.

貴族階層

一個身分:爵位本身

這一支走的是 -age 的另一個方向:不是把人聚起來,而是把「當貴族」這件事本身變成一個可以給、可以拒絕、可以傳下去的東西。

noun · C1

The rank and title of a British peer, such as a barony or an earldom, which can be given to a person by the monarch or passed down inside a family.

貴族爵位