一群人:貴族這個階層
這一支走的是 -age 的「整體」方向:把一個一個的 peer 收成一個群體。名錄那本書也放在這裡,因為它就是這個群體被寫下來的樣子。
noun · C1
The whole body of British nobles — dukes, marquesses, earls, viscounts and barons — thought of together as one group.
貴族階層
The useful picture here is the ending. Take 'peer', a British noble with a title, and wrap -age around it. That ending can close around a word in more than one way: it can gather many things into one body, and it can turn a person into the standing that person holds. So one word ends up covering everything a title touches — all the title-holders together, the single title itself, and even the printed book that lists them. If you are unsure which one a sentence means, look at the little word in front: 'the' points at the whole group, 'a' points at one title or one book.
Recorded as inherited from Middle English perage, from Old French parage, and analysable on the surface as peer plus -age; it is a doublet of parage.
依據來源,這個字承自中古英文 perage,來自古法文 parage,就表面結構看則是 peer 加上 -age,並且跟 parage 同源。這說明了為什麼「群體」和「身分」兩個方向會落在同一個字上。
Wiktionary entry supplied in this packet (source_ref kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:1070547986:12594): 'Inherited from Middle English perage, from Old French parage. By surface analysis, peer + -age. Doublet of parage.'
Two branches
一群人:貴族這個階層
這一支走的是 -age 的「整體」方向:把一個一個的 peer 收成一個群體。名錄那本書也放在這裡,因為它就是這個群體被寫下來的樣子。
noun · C1
The whole body of British nobles — dukes, marquesses, earls, viscounts and barons — thought of together as one group.
貴族階層
一個身分:爵位本身
這一支走的是 -age 的另一個方向:不是把人聚起來,而是把「當貴族」這件事本身變成一個可以給、可以拒絕、可以傳下去的東西。
noun · C1
The rank and title of a British peer, such as a barony or an earldom, which can be given to a person by the monarch or passed down inside a family.
貴族爵位