核心畫面

One way to hold this word: a line marks the true amount, and someone's answer lands above it. Estimate is the answer; over- is the gap above the line. Everything the word does is that gap — sometimes the gap is in a number, sometimes in how highly you think of a person, and sometimes we name the too-high answer itself.

可以想成有一條線代表「實際」,而你講出來的答案落在線的上面。estimate 是那個答案,over- 是高出來的那一更多收起可以想成有一條線代表「實際」,而你講出來的答案落在線的上面。estimate 是那個答案,over- 是高出來的那一段。這個字所有的用法,都是在講那一段多出來的距離。有時候多出來的是數字,有時候是你心裡給的評價,有時候我們乾脆直接叫那個偏高的答案 an overestimate。

From the word’s history

Wiktionary gives the word simply as over- + estimate, with over- traced back through Middle English over-, Old English ofer- to a Proto-Indo-European form meaning 'above'. The modern picture and the parts still line up: the estimate goes above where it should stop.

來源字典把這個字拆得很乾脆:over- 加 estimate。over- 一路回推到中古英文 over-、古英文 ofer-,最早的意思就是「在…之上」。所以字的組成和今天的畫面是同一件事:估出來的答案停在該停的地方之上。

Wiktionary 'overestimate' etymology in the supplied packet (kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4): 'From over- + estimate.'

Two branches

數字估太高

這一組最貼近字面的畫面:真的有一個量可以量,而你報的數落在實際之上。時間、錢、人數、重量都算。

verb · C1

To guess or work out a number, amount, size, cost, or length of time, and get an answer that is higher than the true one.

估太高

把價值看得太高

同樣是高出那條線,只是這次線上沒有單位。被估高的是能力、重要性、影響力,量不出來,卻一樣可以偏高。

verb · C1

To think that someone or something is better, stronger, or more important than they really are. Nothing is being counted here — the opinion itself is set too high.

高估