蓋在表面的那一層
這一組是字面用法：真的有一層東西覆蓋在表面上。
noun · B1
A sweet mixture of very fine sugar and a liquid, sometimes with butter or egg white in it, spread over a cake or a biscuit. It is soft when it goes on and sets into a smooth layer.
糖霜
核心畫面
You can hold one picture for most of this word: a thin layer that goes over the outside of something and covers it. Sugar over a cake, ice over a wing. The layer is not the thing itself — the cake is still a cake underneath, the wing is still a wing — which is why the same word can be a treat in one place and a problem in another.
可以用一個畫面串起這個字的大部分用法：一層東西蓋在表面上，把底下包起來。糖蓋在蛋糕上，冰蓋在機翼上。這層不是東西本身…更多收起
可以用一個畫面串起這個字的大部分用法：一層東西蓋在表面上，把底下包起來。糖蓋在蛋糕上，冰蓋在機翼上。這層不是東西本身——蛋糕底下還是蛋糕，機翼還是機翼——所以同一個字在廚房裡是好事，在跑道上就變成麻煩。From the word’s history
Wiktionary records icing as the gerund of the verb to ice, that is, the act or result of icing something over.
來源資料記載 icing 是動詞 ice 的動名詞，也就是「把東西裹上一層」這個動作或結果。這正好對上上面那個「蓋上一層」的畫面。
Wiktionary entry for icing, etymology 1: 'Gerund of the verb to ice.' (packet evidence, kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:724204743)
Three branches
最後才加上去的那一點好
糖霜是蛋糕最後才加的，沒有它蛋糕照樣能吃。把這個「可有可無、但加了更討喜」的位置借出來比喻，就得到這一組。
noun · B2
Used in the phrase the icing on the cake to say that something extra has made an already good situation even better. The main good thing was there first; this is the final nice touch on top.
錦上添花
冰球場上的長射
這一組跟「蓋上一層」的畫面接不起來，硬接會變成假的說法。
noun · C1
In ice hockey, a small rule break: a player shoots the puck from their own half and it crosses the goal line at the far end without anyone touching it. Play stops and the puck is brought back. A team that is playing with fewer players on the ice is not punished for it.
長射違例
原始詞典資料5 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
icingnoun詞源 1/ˈaɪsɪŋ/
- 1
cookingfoodlifestyleA sweet, often creamy and thick glaze made primarily of sugar, often enriched with ingredients like butter, egg whites, or flavorings, typically used for baked goods.
- THICK FLUFFY ICING At the present time there is a demand for very light fluffy icing that may be piled high on a cake. For beating many of the icings of this variety an electric beater is used, and the syrup is added very slowly.
- 2
hobbiesice-hockeylifestyleA minor violation of ice hockey rules, occurring when a player shoots the puck from his/her side of the red line so that it crosses the goal line on the opponent's side. A team playing short-handed is not penalized for this.
- 3
The process of forming a layer of ice on a surface.
- 4
aeronauticsaerospaceaviationConditions conducive to the formation of ice on aircraft surfaces.
- The Cessna pilots reported that moderate icing was present between 13,000 and 4,000 feet in the cloud layers.
這個拼法也被記錄為下列字的變化形：
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。