核心畫面

Underneath sits one idea: swapping one thing for another of the same worth. A court swaps a heavy sentence for a lighter one; an office swaps one kind of payment for another. The daily-travel meaning arrived by the same road — the old season ticket swapped many single fares for one payment, and the people who bought it became .

這個字底下是一個概念:把一樣東西換成另一樣等值的東西。法院把重的刑罰換成輕的;帳務上把一種給付方式換成另一種。「每天更多收起這個字底下是一個概念:把一樣東西換成另一樣等值的東西。法院把重的刑罰換成輕的;帳務上把一種給付方式換成另一種。「每天通勤」這個意思也是走同一條路來的——早年的定期票把很多次的單程票價換成一筆付款,買這種票的人就被叫做 commuter。

From the word’s history

Etymonline: commute is from Latin commutare 'to change altogether', com- plus mutare 'to change'; the 'make a punishment less severe' sense is from the 1630s. The travel sense comes via the commutation ticket (1822), 'a ticket issued (by a ferry line, railroad, etc.) at a reduced rate entitling the holder to travel over a given route a limited number of times or an unlimited number of times over a certain period'; commuter first meant the holder of such a ticket, and the verb sense 'to travel back and forth to work' is dated 1889.

Etymonline 記載:commute 來自拉丁文 commutare「徹底改換」(com- 加上 mutare「改變」);「減輕刑罰」這個意思出現在 1630 年代。通勤的意思則是經由 commutation ticket(1822 年)而來——那是一種折價的定期票,持票人可以在一段期間內搭乘固定路線若干次或不限次數;commuter 起初指的就是「持有這種票的人」,而動詞「每天往返上班」的用法有 1889 年的紀錄。所以通勤和減刑不是兩個字,是同一個「換算、折換」在不同場合落腳。

Etymonline, entry "commute" (etymonline.com/word/commute)

From the picture

把一樣東西換成另一樣

回到這個字最原始的「折換」:拿走一個,換上另一個等值但形式不同的。法律和帳務場合都還保留著這個用法。

reduce a sentence · verb · C1

to change a punishment so that it becomes less hard or less long.

減刑

Also in this word

commute to work · verb · B1

to travel a long way to work or school and back again, usually every day.

通勤

daily commute · noun · B1

the trip you make to work or school and back, usually every day.

通勤路程

原始詞典資料11 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

commuteverb詞源 1/kəˈmjuːt/

  • 1

    To exchange substantially; to abate but not abolish completely, a penalty, obligation, or payment in return for a great, single thing or an aggregate; to cash in; to lessen

    • to commute tithes into rentcharges for a sum
    • to commute market rents for a premium
  • 2

    businessfinancelawTo exchange substantially; to abate but not abolish completely, a penalty, obligation, or payment in return for a great, single thing or an aggregate; to cash in; to lessen

    • to commute the daily toll for a year's pass
  • 3

    criminologyhuman-scienceslawTo exchange substantially; to abate but not abolish completely, a penalty, obligation, or payment in return for a great, single thing or an aggregate; to cash in; to lessen

    • His prison sentence was commuted to probation.
    • Ruslan Kutaev is evidence of this: not only was the elderly man sentenced to four years in prison (later commuted to two months), but he was tortured and his family threatened. This seems to be the price of viewing the world in other than Kadyrovite terms.
  • 4

    businessinsuranceTo exchange substantially; to abate but not abolish completely, a penalty, obligation, or payment in return for a great, single thing or an aggregate; to cash in; to lessen

  • 5

    obsoleteTo exchange substantially; to abate but not abolish completely, a penalty, obligation, or payment in return for a great, single thing or an aggregate; to cash in; to lessen

    • He […] thinks it unlawful to commute, and that he is bound to pay his vow in kind.
  • 6

    mathematicssciencesOf an operation, to be commutative, i.e. to have the property that changing the order of the operands does not change the result.

    • A pair of matrices share the same set of eigenvectors if and only if they commute.

commutenoun詞源 2/kəˈmjuːt/

  • 1

    A regular journey between two places, typically home and work.

    • If you're hearing me then it means your ego has been commuted successfully into this CAT with zero errors. Only one warning by the way: it may take a moment to acclimatize to being a bodyless ego, but try not to worry too much.
    • PS: The average commute time in the freewayless City of Vancouver is 27 minutes, while outside of the City of Vancouver the average commute time is 31 minutes.
  • 2

    The route, time or distance of that journey.

commuteverb詞源 2/kəˈmjuːt/

  • 1

    To regularly travel from one's home to one's workplace or school, or vice versa.

    • I commute from Brooklyn to Manhattan by bicycle.
    • My convention diary is unusually disjointed, since I was mingily commuting from Berkshire rather than pay £65 per night for a single room.
  • 2

    To regularly travel from one place to another using public transport.

  • 3

    To journey, to make a journey

    • By one estimate, vultures either residing in or commuting into the Serengeti ecosystem during the annual migration—when 1.3 million white-bearded wildebeests shuffle between Kenya and Tanzania—historically consumed more meat than all mammalian carnivores in the Serengeti combined.

資料來源:英文維基詞典 English WiktionaryCC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。