One way to hold this word: bugger is a heavy stone. It began as one of the strongest insults English had, and every later use is that same stone thrown somewhere new. Thrown at a person in anger, it is an insult. Thrown at a friend, the weight turns into warmth, because only someone close would take it as a joke. Thrown at a job or a machine, the thing is being treated as if it were deliberately making your life hard. Thrown into the air with nobody in mind, it is just the noise a person makes when something goes wrong. The stone never changes; only where it lands does.
From the word’s history
The packet's Wiktionary etymology traces bugger to Middle English bougre 'heretic', from Old French bougre, from Medieval Latin Bulgarus 'a Bulgar', by way of Old Church Slavonic. A people's name was attached to a sect regarded as heretical, and the word arrived in English already carrying religious contempt and a criminal charge — which is where its weight comes from.
依照本次評估資料裡的維基詞典字源，bugger 來自中古英文 bougre「異端者」，再往前是古法文 bougre、中世紀拉丁文 Bulgarus「保加利亞人」，而這個字又源自古教會斯拉夫語。一個族群的名字被安到一個被視為異端的教派上，這個字進入英文時，就已經同時帶著宗教上的鄙視和法律上的罪名。今天它罵人的重量，可以想成是從那裡留下來的。
Wiktionary, "bugger" (etymology 1)
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