借東西這件事
最貼近核心畫面的一組：手上拿的可以是任何東西，重點只在「拿來用、之後要還」。
noun · B1
An act of taking something that belongs to someone else, using it for a while, and planning to give it back.
借用
核心畫面
Picture a hand reaching out and taking something that belongs to someone else, with the plan of handing it back later. The -ing ending freezes that action and turns it into a thing you can count, measure and argue about. What is in the hand changes from use to use: a library book, a sum of money from a bank, or a word one language took from another.
borrowing 可以想成一隻手伸過去，拿走別人的東西，心裡打算之後要還。-ing 把這個動作定格起來，變成一件可…更多收起
borrowing 可以想成一隻手伸過去，拿走別人的東西，心裡打算之後要還。-ing 把這個動作定格起來，變成一件可以統計、可以討論的事。手上拿的是什麼，就決定了你看到的是哪個意思：可能是一本圖書館的書，可能是銀行的一筆錢，也可能是一個語言從另一個語言拿來的字。方向永遠固定——主詞是拿的那一邊，不是給的那一邊。From the word’s history
Wiktionary gives the formation plainly: borrow plus -ing. The noun is simply the verb's action made into a thing, which is why every sense still contains the act of taking on loan.
維基詞典把它的組成講得很直接：borrow 加上 -ing。這個名詞就是把動詞的動作變成一件事物，所以每一個用法裡都還留著「借來用」這個動作。看不懂某個句子時，把它還原成 someone borrows something，意思通常就出來了。
Wiktionary entries for borrowing (kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:1266455275 and :1266456781): From borrow + -ing.
Three branches
拿走的是錢
同一個動作，把手上的東西換成錢。錢一旦進來，就多了利息和帳目，所以這一組的字全都圍著數字打轉。
noun · B2
The taking of money as a loan by a person, company or government, or the money that is taken in this way and has to be paid back.
借款／舉債
拿走的是別人的字或點子
同樣是伸手去拿，只是這一次拿的是語言或作品裡的東西，而且原本的人並沒有因此少掉。
noun · C1
A word, phrase, or idea that one language, writer, or artist has taken from another language or work and now uses as its own.
外來語／借用之處
原始詞典資料4 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
borrowingverb/ˈbɔrəwɪŋ/
- 1
slangShoplifting.
borrowingnoun/ˈbɔrəwɪŋ/
- 1
An instance of something being borrowed.
- January 1834, Horace Binney, Speech on the Question of the Removal of the Deposites Subscriptions, borrowings of money, taxings of the citizens and their property, may all be valid, as operations by virtue of laws for the government of the City […]
- 2
human-scienceslinguisticssciencesA borrowed word, adopted from a foreign language; loanword.
- Whilst you would be forgiven for thinking this statement comes straight from the latest UKIP manifesto, it is in fact a quotation from The Anglish Moot, a fan-page promoting the use of the 'Anglish' language — that is, English with all foreign borrowings stripped away.
這個拼法也被記錄為下列字的變化形：
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。