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A loanword is a word one language has taken in from another and now uses as its own. English is packed with them: kindergarten from German, ballet from French, tsunami from Japanese, tea from Chinese (through other languages on the way). People say “borrow”, though actually nobody gives the word back — the first language still has it. Some writers split “loanword” (the word itself) from “borrowing” (the taking). A loanword usually keeps a shape close to the foreign word; a calque is different — you copy the idea piece by piece with your own words. Funny, then, that loanword itself is a calque of German Lehnwort: loan + word, not a German-sounding import. You may also see it written as two words, loan word; same thing. It is a language-teacher and linguist word, but the idea is simple, and students meet the thing every day even if they do not meet the label.
借詞（日常更常說「外來語」；「借詞」是較精確的說法）
原始詞典資料1 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
loanwordnoun/ˈloʊnˌwɝd/
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A word directly taken into one language from another one.
- "Calque" is a loanword with French origins, and "loanword" is a calque with German origins.
- New words, and particularly loanwords, are simplified, and hence naturalized in American much more quickly than in English. Employé has long since become employee in our newspapers, and asphalte has lost its final e, and manœuvre has become maneuver, and pyjamas has become pajamas.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。