喜樂美語

核心畫面

For most of its uses you can hold van as a covered, box-shaped space on wheels for hauling things or people: bigger than a car, smaller than a truck, with solid sides and a roof closing the load in. From the delivery van to the family people-carrier to the railway luggage wagon, it's the same carrying-box, just on road or on rails.

大部分用法都可以把 van 想成一個有頂、方方正正、裝在輪子上的載貨（或載人）空間：比轎車大、比卡車小，四面有板、上…更多收起大部分用法都可以把 van 想成一個有頂、方方正正、裝在輪子上的載貨（或載人）空間：比轎車大、比卡車小，四面有板、上面有頂，把載的東西包在裡面。從送貨的廂型車、全家坐的休旅車，到火車上的行李車廂，都是同一個『封閉的載運箱』，差別只在跑公路還是跑鐵軌。

From the word’s history

The vehicle van is a shortening of caravan (a covered wagon / group of travellers); the very different 'leading position' sense is a separate clipping of vanguard, from Old French avant-garde 'the advance guard' (avant 'in front' + garde 'guard').

當『車』講的 van 是 caravan（有篷的大車／結隊的旅人）砍短來的，所以核心畫面比較像一個有篷的載運空間；而『領先位置』那個意思完全是另一條路——它是 vanguard（前衛、先頭部隊）砍短來的，源自古法語 avant-garde（avant『在前』＋ garde『守衛』），跟車一點關係都沒有。

Oxford English Dictionary 'van n.2'; Etymonline 'vanguard' (avant-garde) — https://www.etymonline.com/word/vanguard ; van (vehicle) ← caravan

Two branches

有頂的載運箱

這三個都是同一個『封閉載運空間』：差別只在裝的是貨還是人、跑的是公路還是鐵軌。

van (vehicle) · noun · B1

A covered road vehicle, smaller than a truck, used mostly for carrying goods.

廂型車

走在最前面

這一個跟車無關，是另一條來歷：它是 vanguard（先頭部隊）砍短來的，畫面是隊伍最前頭那一撥人。

vanguard, leading position · noun · B1

The leading position; the front group of people leading a change or movement.

前鋒／領先位置

原始詞典資料29 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

Vanname詞源 1/væn/

  • 1

    A place in the United States:

  • 2

    A place in the United States:

  • 3

    A place in the United States:

  • 4

    A place in the United States:

  • 5

    A place in the United States:

  • 6

    A place in the United States:

  • 7

    A place in Wales:

  • 8

    A place in Wales:

Vanname詞源 2/væn/

  • 1

    A diminutive of the female given name Vanessa.

  • 2

    A diminutive of the male given names Vance, Ivan, or Evan.

    • 'Beautiful idea,' said Van as he helped Ada to heat the tank, fill the old battered bath and warm a couple of towels.

Vanname詞源 3/væn/

  • 1

    A large saline tectonic lake of the Armenian Highland in eastern Turkey, famous for its Chalcalburnus tarichi (syn. Alburnus tarichi) fish and the 10th century Armenian cathedral on Akhtamar Island.

  • 2

    A province and metropolitan municipality in easternmost Turkey, partly surrounding the lake, with a Kurdish majority.

  • 3

    A city, the capital of Van Province, Turkey, on the shore of the lake.

Vannoun詞源 5/væn/

  • 1

    A Van cat.

  • 2

    A Turkish Van cat.

vannoun詞源 1/væn/

  • 1

    A covered motor vehicle used to carry goods or (normally less than ten) persons, usually roughly cuboid in shape, Depending on the type of van, it can be bigger or smaller than a pickup truck and SUV, and longer and higher than a car but relatively smaller than a truck/lorry or a bus.

    • While Santa Monica has a longstanding prohibition against public camping that includes living in vehicles, the van rental business has been a problem in Venice for years. […] Organizations that provide safe parking locations have limited capacity and are often unable to accommodate the kind of non-operational vans that are being repurposed as makeshift housing.
    • Carbon emissions from vans in the UK have risen by 63% since 1990, new analysis shows, as cars are getting cleaner. While more people are opting to drive electric or plug-in hybrid cars, van drivers still prefer diesel because electric vans are much more expensive with little choice of models.
  • 2

    An enclosed railway vehicle for transport of goods, such as a boxcar/box van.

  • 3

    datedA light wagon, either covered or open, used by tradesmen and others for the transportation of goods.

  • 4

    aerospacebusinessengineeringA large towable vehicle equipped for the repair of structures that cannot easily be moved.

    • Designed to be fully mobile and self-contained, the complete equipment includes an air-conditioned van containing all necessary electronic gear and a flat bed trailer in which missiles, jet engines and other large assemblies may be cleaned.

vanverb詞源 1/væn/

  • 1

    To transport in a van or similar vehicle (especially of horses).

    • I have to have a license to own them, a license to train them, my jockey has to have a license to ride them, the van company must have a license to van them, and the black shoe man must have a license to shoe them.
    • [They] had their own horses, but they hadn't bothered to van them over to Pine Hollow for this outing.
  • 2

    Of law enforcement: to arrest (not necessarily in a van; derived from party van).

    • One Anon explained the reason for this, saying: "As for the domains, they were transferred to Ryan after some of us got vanned so he can keep the network up. What he did certainly wasn't the plan." (Getting "vanned" refers to getting picked up by the police.)
    • He later told CW that he had been "v&" or "vanned" by the police, and he expressed surprise that the police showed him detailed transcripts of his conversations.

vannoun詞源 3/væn/

  • 1

    businessminingA shovel used in cleansing ore.

vanverb詞源 3/væn/

  • 1

    businessminingTo wash or cleanse, as a small portion of ore, on a shovel.

vannoun詞源 4/væn/

  • 1

    A fan or other contrivance, such as a sieve, for winnowing grain.

    • with strange amaze / A shepherd meeting thee, the oar surveys, / And names a van (Book XI)
  • 2

    A wing with which the air is beaten.

    • So Satan fell; and ſtrait a fiery Globe / Of Angels on full ſail of wing flew nigh, / Who on their plumy Vans receiv'd him ſoft […]
    • He wheeled in air, and stretched his vans in vain; / His vans no longer could his flight sustain.

這個拼法也被記錄為下列字的變化形：

資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。