名詞：一條由人安排的水路
這一群是那個畫面裡看得見、摸得到的部分：水道本身，加上決定水什麼時候走的那道門。
noun · C1
A channel that water flows along, with a gate that can be opened or closed so that people can let the water through or hold it back.
水閘；有閘門的水道
核心畫面
One way to hold it: a gate standing across a water channel. While the gate is down, the water piles up behind it and goes nowhere. Lift the gate and a whole mass of water is released at once — fast, heavy, and going exactly where the channel points it. The noun names the channel and its gate; the verb names what the released water does, whether a person aims it at a dirty floor or a storm sends it down a window.
「sluice」的畫面可以想成一道閘門擋著一條水路。門關著的時候，水積在後面，哪裡也去不了。門一拉起來，一大股水立刻…更多收起
「sluice」的畫面可以想成一道閘門擋著一條水路。門關著的時候，水積在後面，哪裡也去不了。門一拉起來，一大股水立刻被放出去：又快又重，而且方向很明確，就順著水道走。名詞說的是那條通道和那道門；動詞說的是門開之後水做的事——可能是人拿它去沖地板，也可能是暴雨自己順著窗戶往下衝。抓住「被放出來的一大股水」這個感覺，這個字的各個用法就連起來了。From the word’s history
The packet traces sluice through Middle English sluse and Anglo-Norman escluse back to Latin excludere, to shut out, the same root as exclude. Shutting water out is precisely what the gate does, so the oldest idea and the modern picture line up.
資料把 sluice 追到中古英文 sluse、古諾曼法文 escluse，再到拉丁文 exclūdere（把…關在外面），跟英文 exclude 同源。閘門的工作正是「把水擋在外面」，所以最早的想法和今天的畫面剛好對得上：先擋住，才有後來放開時的那股力量。
Wiktionary (kaikki extract) 'sluice' etymology_text: From Middle English sluse, alteration of scluse, from Anglo-Norman escluse, from Late Latin exclusa, from Latin exclūsus, form of exclūdō (to shut out).
Two branches
動詞：一大股水沖過去
這一群是閘門拉開之後的那一秒：水已經出去了。差別只在那股水是自己來的，還是有人把它對準了某個地方。
verb · C1
If water sluices somewhere, a large amount of it suddenly flows there, fast and with force.
（水）奔流、傾瀉