核心畫面

Picture ancient Rome split into two named groups. On one side, a small number of old noble families, the patricians. On the other, everybody else — the plebeians: farmers, , builders, soldiers. What put you on that second side was birth, not money. Every modern use of this word is that second side, carried out of Rome and pointed at somebody today.

可以想成古羅馬被畫成兩邊。一邊是少數幾個老貴族家族,叫 patricians。另一邊是其他所有人,就是 plebei更多收起可以想成古羅馬被畫成兩邊。一邊是少數幾個老貴族家族,叫 patricians。另一邊是其他所有人,就是 plebeians:農夫、店家、工匠、士兵。決定你站哪一邊的是出身,不是財產。這個畫面是整個字的底。今天英文裡的每一種用法,都是把「另一邊那群人」這個位置搬出羅馬,套到現在的人或東西身上。差別只在於:搬過來的時候,說話的人有沒有順手帶上一個白眼。

From the word’s history

The packet's Wiktionary note derives the word from Latin plebeius "a commoner; common", from plebes, the body of ordinary Roman citizens. So the Roman picture is not a metaphor here; it is literally where the word comes from.

字典的來源說明寫著:來自拉丁文 plēbēius(平民的、一般的),字根是 plēbēs,也就是古羅馬一般市民這一群人。所以上面那個羅馬畫面不是比喻。那就是這個字真正的出處。中間可能還受過中古法文 plebeien 的影響。

Wiktionary etymology supplied in this packet (kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:766670035): "From Latin plēbēius ('a commoner; common') ... from Latin plēbēs"

Two branches

古羅馬的那一邊:沒有貴族身分的人

這一組就是核心畫面本身,還留在羅馬,還沒有帶上任何看不起的意思。

noun · C1

In ancient Rome, an ordinary citizen who was not from one of the noble families and held no special rank.

(古羅馬的)平民

搬出羅馬之後:被放在下面的人與東西

還是同一個畫面,但「另一邊那群人」被搬到今天用。搬的時候多半會帶上一個態度:說話的人把自己放在上面。

noun · C2

An insulting word for a person treated as being of low social class, with no rank, money, or good taste. It is sometimes used more plainly to mean a commoner, an ordinary person with no special position, but even then it usually keeps a looking-down feeling.

平民(貶)/土包子