住在這裡、被算成自己人
最貼近原始畫面的一組：範圍是看得見的一座城、一個鎮，成員資格靠「住在這裡、生活在這裡」認定。
resident of a place · noun · B2
A person who lives in a particular town, country, or state and is part of that community.
市民 / 公民
核心畫面
Picture a town, and the people who live inside the wall. They are not visitors passing through: they live there, they use the streets and the market, and the town counts them as its own. `Citizen` starts from that picture — one of the people a place counts as belonging to it — and the wall later grows from a town wall into a national border.
可以想成一座有城牆的城，還有住在牆裡面的那些人。他們不是路過的訪客：他們住在這裡，用這裡的街道和市場，這座城也把他們…更多收起
可以想成一座有城牆的城，還有住在牆裡面的那些人。他們不是路過的訪客：他們住在這裡，用這裡的街道和市場，這座城也把他們算成自己人。citizen 一開始就是這個畫面——「一個地方認的自己人」——後來那道牆從城牆長成了國界，人也從市民變成國民，但「被算進來的成員」這層感覺一直都在。From the word’s history
From Anglo-French citesein / citezein, from cite (city) plus -ain — literally a city person. Around 1300 it meant inhabitant of a city or town; the sense member of the state or nation, not an alien follows in the late 14th century. The phrase second-class citizen is recorded from 1942 in U.S. history.
citizen 來自盎格魯法語的 citesein / citezein，字根 cite 就是 city（城），字面上是「城裡的人」。1300 年前後在英文裡指的還是「住在城或鎮裡的人」，要到 14 世紀末才出現「屬於這個國家、不是外國人」的用法。second-class citizen 這個說法則是 1942 年在美國留下紀錄的。所以「城」在前、「國」在後，這個順序也解釋了為什麼 citizen 同時可以是市民和國民。
Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com/word/citizen
Two branches
法律上屬於這個國家
同一個畫面放大：城牆變成國界，「住在裡面」變成法律上的「屬於」。成員資格不再靠人在哪裡，而是登記在文件上，所以人跑到地球另一邊，身分還是跟著走。
legal national · noun · B2
A person who legally belongs to a particular country and has its rights and duties, even when living somewhere else.
公民 / 國民
原始詞典資料10 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
Citizennoun
- 1
A personal Title denoting citizenship, implicitly of the nation in which it is spoken
- 2
A pupil of City of London School
citizennoun/ˈsɪtɪzən/
- 1
A resident of a city or town, especially one with legally recognized rights or duties.
- [T]hat large body of the working men who were not counted as citizens and had not so much as a vote to serve as an anodyne to their stomachs were likely to get impatient.
- 2
A legally recognized member of a state, with associated rights and obligations; a person considered in terms of this role.
- I am a Roman citizen.
- Assistant: You'll meet with the managing director and Dr Sinita Brahmachari, the engineer who designed the chair. Peter Mackenzie: Indian, is he? Assistant: She is a British citizen, Minister. Born in Coventry.
- 3
An inhabitant or occupant: a member of any place.
- Diogenes reckoned himself a citizen of the world.
- A jellyfish... carries poison cells that can sting other citizens of the sea.
- 4
ChristianityA resident of the heavenly city or (later) of the kingdom of God: a Christian; a good Christian.
- 5
A civilian, as opposed to a police officer, soldier, or member of some other specialized (usually state) group.
- 6
obsoleteAn ordinary person, as opposed to nobles and landed gentry on one side and peasants, craftsmen, and laborers on the other.
- [W]ould Mr. Delvile, who hardly ever spoke but to the high-born, without seeming to think his dignity somewhat injured, deign to receive for a daughter in law the child of a citizen and tradesman?
- 7
historicalA term of address among supporters of the French Revolution in France or elsewhere; (later, dated) a term of address among socialists and communists.
- Citizen, I desire nothing more than to get to Paris, though I could dispense with the escort.
- 8
computingengineeringmathematicsA notional inhabitant of a software system; an object or a software application.
- The HIG delivers Apple's design commandments, the company's definition of what it means to be a good iPhone citizen.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。