核心畫面

Picture a needle going straight through a sheet of paper and coming out the other side, again and again, leaving a row of small round holes. Something that was one whole surface now has a weak line across it, and a weak line is exactly where things come apart. Every use of this word sits on that one picture: a hole punched through a wall. What changes is only whether the hole was wanted.

可以想成一根針直直穿過一張紙,再從另一面出來,一次又一次,留下一排小圓洞。本來完整的一面,現在多了一條脆弱的線——而更多收起可以想成一根針直直穿過一張紙,再從另一面出來,一次又一次,留下一排小圓洞。本來完整的一面,現在多了一條脆弱的線——而東西就是沿著脆弱的線分開的。這個字的每個用法都站在同一張圖上:一個被穿透的洞。差別只在於,這個洞是不是被期待出現的。

Three branches

一排撕得開的小洞

這一支就是核心畫面,而且是被期待的那一種:洞是特地打的,為了讓紙好撕。

noun · C1

A small hole punched in something, especially one of a line of holes made in paper so that a piece can be torn off neatly. It is nearly always used in the plural.

(一排)小孔;齒孔

打洞這個動作

同一張圖往回看一格:不看留下的洞,看那根針穿過去的那個過程。

noun · C1

The making of a hole or holes in something, or the fact that a hole has been made. This use is uncountable, so it takes no a and has no plural.

穿孔(的動作或結果)

身體上不該有的洞

同樣是被穿透的一道壁,只是這次沒有人希望它破:不是紙,是耳膜、胃壁或腸壁;不是為了方便撕開,而是受傷或生病造成的。

noun · C1

A hole or tear in the wall of an organ, such as the eardrum, the stomach or the bowel, caused by injury or illness rather than made on purpose.

(器官)穿孔