人心裡的那份空
這一家是核心本身：實際有一個人，此時此刻正在感覺到那份空。
feeling alone · adjective · C1
The unhappy feeling you have when you are alone or when you have no one to talk to.
寂寞
核心畫面
The of having no one there. Not simply being by yourself — the empty, unhappy feeling that opens up when there is nobody to talk to.
房間裡只有你，而你希望不是這樣。重點不在「一個人」這個事實，而在那個空下來的、不好受的感覺——想講話卻沒有人可以講，…更多收起
房間裡只有你，而你希望不是這樣。重點不在「一個人」這個事實，而在那個空下來的、不好受的感覺——想講話卻沒有人可以講，想被理解卻沒有人在。alone 只是描述人數，loneliness 描述的是那個人數在心裡留下的痛。這個字的四種用法，都是同一種空，只是分別附在人身上、時間上、社會上、和地方上。From the word’s history
loneliness = lonely + -ness; lonely itself is lone + -ly, and lone is a worn-down form of alone, which was originally all one — completely by oneself. The suffix -ness turns the quality into the felt state.
這個字是拆得開的：lonely + -ness。再往回，lonely 來自 lone，而 lone 是 alone 磨短的形式；alone 更早其實是 all one 兩個字——「完完全全就一個」。所以字面上這個字說的是「全然是一個人」的那個狀態。有意思的是，-ly 和 -ness 一層層加上去之後，重心就從「幾個人」滑到「什麼感覺」：alone 講事實，lonely 講心情，loneliness 把那個心情變成一個可以談論、可以研究、可以說「我最近有很多 loneliness」的東西。
Wiktionary, "loneliness" (English noun): from lonely + -ness; lonely < lone (aphetic form of alone < all one)
Four branches
日子、旅程、生活方式散發出來的孤寂
把心裡的那份空反過來掛回造成它的那段時間或那種生活上——不再說「我覺得空」，而說「那段日子本身就是空的」。
lonely quality (of a time) · adjective · C1
The unhappy quality of a time, a trip, or a way of living that comes from being alone or having no one to talk to.
孤寂
當作社會問題來談的孤獨
同一份空，但視角從一個人拉遠到一整群人，變成可以統計、可以討論政策的題目。
social isolation · adjective · C1
The unhappy state of people who have no one to talk to, talked about as a problem for a group, not one person's feeling today.
孤獨
地方的荒涼
把「沒有人」這一半從心情裡抽出來，貼到空間上：不是誰在難受，是那個地方本來就空無一人。
desolate remoteness · adjective · C1
The empty quality of a place that is far from where people live, and where almost nobody goes.
荒涼
原始詞典資料4 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
lonelinessnoun/ˈloʊnlinəs/
- 1
A feeling of depression resulting from being alone or from having no companions.
- The loneliness resulting from the loss of loved ones, lack of purpose in life, and social discrimination is a real inner hell.
- Cecilia proposed to her the society of Henrietta, which, glad to catch at any thing that would break into her loneliness, she listened to with pleasure […]
- 2
The condition or state of being alone or having no companions.
- Hitherto all things that have bin nam’d, were approv’d of God to be very good: lonelines is the first thing which Gods eye nam’d not good […]
- 1657, Richard Ligon, A True & Exact History of the Island of Barbados, London: Humphrey Moseley, Dedicatory letter to the Bishop of Salisbury, [I] was designing a piece of Landscape […] wherein I meant to expresse […] the beauties of the Vegetables, that do adorn that place, in the highest perfection I could: But presently after, being cast into Prison, I was deprived both of light and lonelinesse, two main helpers in that Art […]
- 3
The state of being unfrequented or devoid of human activity (of a place or time).
- 1794, Ann Radcliffe, The Mysteries of Udolpho, London: G.G. & J. Robinson, Volume 4, Chapter 3, p. 50, […] as she sat at her bed-side, indulging melancholy reveries, which the loneliness of the hour assisted […]
- In addition, the very loneliness of the road had its charm for him; since only at rare intervals is house seen by its side, and rarer still living creature encountered upon it.
- 4
obsoleteA desire to be alone; disposition to solitude.
- […] I see The mystery of your loneliness, and find Your salt tears’ head: now to all sense ’tis gross You love my son […]
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。