核心畫面

Something long and thin has been pulled round itself and drawn tight, so there is now a hard little lump in it that will not slide open. That lump is the picture behind every use: the rope someone tied, the hair the wind twisted, the shoulder that will not let go, the old hand with its joints standing out. Only the last phrase, get knotted!, steps outside the picture altogether.

「knotted」的核心畫面可以想成:一條細長的東西繞過自己,然後拉緊了。中間留下一個硬硬的小疙瘩,怎麼拉都不會滑開更多收起「knotted」的核心畫面可以想成:一條細長的東西繞過自己,然後拉緊了。中間留下一個硬硬的小疙瘩,怎麼拉都不會滑開。這個疙瘩就是所有用法底下的那張圖。有人打的繩結是它,風吹出來的髮結是它,鬆不開的肩膀是它,老人家鼓起來的指節也是它。只有 get knotted! 這句話整個跳出了這張圖,因為它是固定說法,字面不作數。

From the word’s history

From Middle English knotted, the past participle of the verb knotten (to knot). So the word starts life as the result of an action: something was knotted, and this is how it is now.

來源說 knotted 出自中古英語 knotted,是動詞 knotten(打結)的過去分詞。所以這個字一開始就是「動作留下的結果」:先有人把它繞起來收緊,剩下的狀態就叫 knotted。這也解釋了為什麼它到今天還是一個「已經變成這樣了」的字。

Wiktionary etymology_text supplied in the evidence packet (kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:1279535627:3611)

Three branches

真的有結:綁出來的,和纏出來的

這一組就是核心畫面本身,只差在結是怎麼來的:一個是有人動手綁的,一個是自己絞在一起的。這個差別會影響後面配什麼動詞。

adjective · B2

Tied with one knot, or with several knots. Used about rope, string, cloth, laces and other long thin things, and also about things that are full of knots.

打了結的

身上像打了結的地方

身體裡當然沒有真的結,是把那個硬疙瘩的畫面借過來用。一個借的是「摸起來的感覺」,一個借的是「看起來的形狀」。

adjective · B2

If a muscle or another part of your body is knotted, it feels tight, hard and uncomfortable, usually after stress or after holding one position for a long time.

緊繃僵硬的

固定說法:get knotted!

這一格跟核心畫面沒有真正的關係,所以不必硬拉回去。它是整句一起記的說法,字面上的「結」在這裡不做事。

adjective · B2

Get knotted! is a rude way of telling someone to go away, to stop talking, or that you completely disagree with them. The source marks it as spoken British English.

滾開!少來!

原始詞典資料5 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

knottedadj/ˈnɒtɪd/

  • 1

    Full of knots; knotty.

    • These men lashed themselves and each other unmercifully with knotted leather scourges until the blood ran, two or three times daily.
  • 2

    Tied in knots.

  • 3

    Tangled, tangly, knotty, entangled, matted, snarled, unkempt, or uncombed.

  • 4

    Having the shape or form of a knot.

    • Grey hairs straggled out from under her head-gear, which surrounded a dark face with bushy eyebrows and a long knotted nose.

這個拼法也被記錄為下列字的變化形:

資料來源:英文維基詞典 English WiktionaryCC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。