核心畫面

Picture water forced through a tiny hole: it does not spread or trickle, it shoots out in one thin, hard, fast line. That narrow high-speed stream — and the little hole that makes it — is the picture at the centre of the word. Everything about pushing something out fast through a small opening grows from here, including the aircraft that flies by throwing hot gas out behind it.

可以想成:水從一個很小的孔被擠出來,它不會散、不會慢慢流,而是變成一條又細又快、很有力道的線衝出去。那條噴出來的細流更多收起可以想成:水從一個很小的孔被擠出來,它不會散、不會慢慢流,而是變成一條又細又快、很有力道的線衝出去。那條噴出來的細流,還有做出這條線的那個小孔,就是這個字最中心的畫面。從這裡往外長:噴出去的力道會把東西往反方向推,於是有了噴射引擎、噴射機,也有了「搭飛機到處飛」的說法。(另有一個長得一模一樣的 jet 指黑色寶石,來源完全不同,見下面那一組。)

From the word’s history

The stream sense comes from French jet 'a throw, a cast; a gush, spurt (of water)', from the verb jeter 'to throw'. The nozzle sense is recorded from 1825, 'jet propulsion' from 1855, 'jet engine' from 1943, and the aircraft sense from 1944 — so the plane is named after the throwing-out of gas, not the other way round.

「噴流」這一支來自法文 jet「投擲、噴出(水柱)」,動詞是 jeter「丟、擲」。字典記載 1825 年開始指噴嘴,1855 年出現 jet propulsion(噴射推進),1943 年 jet engine,1944 年才用來指飛機——所以是先有「往外噴」,飛機才因為靠噴氣推進而得名。

Etymonline, 'jet (n.1)' — https://www.etymonline.com/word/jet

From the picture

噴射機與搭機到處飛

飛機這一支是從核心畫面長出來的:引擎把高溫氣體從後面用力噴出去(就是那條 jet),機身因此被往前推。所以 jet 先是引擎噴出的那股氣,後來整架靠這種方式飛的飛機也叫 jet。

fast passenger aircraft · noun · B1

A fast airplane that is pushed forward by a jet engine.

噴射機

黑玉(同形不同源)

這一組跟「噴出」沒有任何關係,只是拼法碰巧一樣。學的時候可以直接把它當成另一個字記,不用硬去想它跟水柱有什麼關聯。

black gemstone · noun · B1

A hard, shiny black stone that people use to make jewellery.

煤玉;黑玉

Also in this word

fast narrow stream · noun · B1

A thin, fast stream of liquid or gas coming out of a small hole, or the small hole itself.

噴流;噴嘴

shoot out fast · verb · B1

When a liquid or gas jets out, it comes out fast from a small hole.

噴出

原始詞典資料27 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

Jetname

  • 1

    A town in Oklahoma.

  • 2

    A male given name.

  • 3

    rareA female given name.

jetnoun詞源 1/ˈd͡ʒɛt/

  • 1

    A collimated stream, spurt or flow of liquid or gas from a pressurized container, an engine, etc.

    • In the floor of the valley the line passes hills of fantastic shape, like sleeping camels and inverted washbasins, and you can see the beautiful lakes Naivasha and Elementeita; at Eburru jets of steam spurt out of the ground.
  • 2

    A spout or nozzle for creating a jet of fluid.

  • 3

    aeronauticsaerospaceaviationA type of airplane using jet engines rather than propellers.

    • One of the other two nations to operate the F-35B, the United Kingdom, has had US versions of the jet operating off its HMS Queen Elizabeth aircraft carrier.
    • “Rather than writing off both jets as a loss … teams made a bold decision in 2022 to remove the nose from AF-27 and put it onto AF-211 to maximize savings and add back an operational aircraft to the fleet,” a report from the F-35 JPO said.
  • 4

    An engine that propels a vehicle using a stream of fluid as propulsion.

  • 5

    An engine that propels a vehicle using a stream of fluid as propulsion.

  • 6

    A part of a carburetor that controls the amount of fuel mixed with the air.

  • 7

    natural-sciencesphysical-sciencesphysicsA narrow cone of hadrons and other particles produced by the hadronization of a quark or gluon.

  • 8

    datedDrift; scope; range, as of an argument.

另外 1 個記錄的用法
  • 9

    datedmediaprintingpublishingThe sprue of a type, which is broken from it when the type is cold.

jetverb詞源 1/ˈd͡ʒɛt/

  • 1

    To spray out of a container.

  • 2

    To spray with liquid from a container.

    • Farmers may either dip or jet sheep with chemicals.
  • 3

    To travel on a jet aircraft or otherwise by jet propulsion

  • 4

    To move (running, walking etc.) rapidly around

  • 5

    To shoot forward or out; to project; to jut out.

    • The Town has the outer Branch of the River behind it, and the Harbour before it, jetting into which latter are cloſe Keys for the weighing and receiving of Cuſtomage on Merchandize, and for the meeting and conferring of Merchants and Traders.
    • And last year, at 5:26 a.m. on August 10, a whole mountainside toppled into the tideline of the shrunken Sawyer Glacier, not far from the Alaskan capital, Juneau. The impact jetted a tsunami a staggering 500 meters up the walls of the fjord.
  • 6

    To strut; to walk with a lofty or haughty gait; to be insolent; to obtrude.

    • Why, lords, and think you not how dangerous It is to jet upon a prince’s right?
    • Contemplation makes a rare turkey-cock of him: how he jets under his advanced plumes!
  • 7

    To jerk; to jolt; to be shaken.

    • 1719, Richard Wiseman, Serjeant-Chirurgeon to King Charles II, Eight Chirurgical Treatises, London: B. Tooke et al., 5th edition, Volume 2, Book 5, Chapter 4, p. 78, A Lady was wounded down the whole Length of the Forehead to the Nose […] It happened to her travelling in a Hackney-Coach, upon the jetting whereof she was thrown out of the hinder Seat against a Bar of Iron in the forepart of the Coach.
  • 8

    To adjust the fuel to air ratio of a carburetor; to install or adjust a carburetor jet

    • The cure is to jet the carburetor excessively rich so that the mixture will be correct at the top end, but this richens the curve throughout the RPM range.
另外 1 個記錄的用法
  • 9

    slangTo leave; depart.

    • Gotta jet. See you tomorrow.
    • Pimp prolly jetted before the girl hit the ground good, and if Smoove was still standing on the porch when his brother got downstairs, he'd taken off with him.

jetadj詞源 1/ˈd͡ʒɛt/

  • 1

    Propelled by turbine engines.

    • jet airplane

jetnoun詞源 2/ˈd͡ʒɛt/

  • 1

    chemistrygeographygeologyA hard, black form of coal, sometimes used in jewellery.

    • There is also a factitious jeat made of glaſs, in imitation of the mineral jeat.
  • 2

    The colour of jet coal, deep grey.

jetadj詞源 2/ˈd͡ʒɛt/

  • 1

    Very dark black in colour.

    • All the direct blacks require working in strong baths to give anything like black shades; they all have, more or less, a bluish tone, which can be changed to a jetter shade by the addition of a yellow or green dye in small proportions, which has been done in one of the recipes given above.
    • She was an ash blonde with greenish eyes, beaded lashes, hair waved smoothly back from ears in which large jet buttons glittered.

jetnoun詞源 3/ˈd͡ʒɛt/

  • 1

    mathematicssciencesan operation that takes a differentiable function f and produces a polynomial, the Taylor polynomial (truncated Taylor series) of f, at each point of its domain.

這個拼法也被記錄為下列字的變化形:

資料來源:英文維基詞典 English WiktionaryCC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。