核心畫面

Picture a circle already drawn — a list, a group, a book — and something being brought inside the line so that it now counts as part of what's in there.

有一個圈已經畫好了——一份名單、一個團體、一本書的目錄——然後某樣東西被帶進圈線裡面,從此算是「裡面的一份子」。這個更多收起有一個圈已經畫好了——一份名單、一個團體、一本書的目錄——然後某樣東西被帶進圈線裡面,從此算是「裡面的一份子」。這個字有意思的地方在於它同時可以指「把東西放進去」這個動作,也可以指「已經在裡面」這個狀態;重點永遠是那條界線,以及誰在線內。

From the word’s history

From Latin inclūdere 'to shut in' (in- 'in' + claudere 'to close'), the noun form inclūsiō — literally the closing of something inside.

來自拉丁文 inclūdere「關進去」(in-「裡面」+ claudere「關、閉」),名詞形是 inclūsiō,字面就是「把某物關在裡面」。注意 claudere 也是 close 這一系的來源——所以這個字骨子裡帶著「圈起來、把門關上,讓它留在裡面」的動作,正好對應現代那條界線的畫面。

Latin inclūdere (in- + claudere 'to close'), noun inclūsiō — standard etymological dictionaries of English

One branch

進到圈子裡面

兩個意思是同一個畫面的兩個角度:一個看「進去」這件事,一個看「進去了的那個東西」。

being included · noun · C1

The act of putting someone or something into a larger group or set, or the fact of already being part of one.

納入

原始詞典資料8 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

inclusionnoun/ɪnˈkluːʒən/

  • 1

    An addition or annex to a group, set, or total.

    • The poem was a new inclusion in the textbook.
  • 2

    The act of including, i.e. adding or annexing, (something) to a group, set, or total.

    • The inclusion of the poem added value to the course.
  • 3

    Anything foreign that is included in a material.

  • 4

    chemistrygeographygeologyAny material that is trapped inside a mineral during its formation, as a defect in a precious stone.

    • The fewer inclusions a diamond has, the better is its clarity and value. Often the inclusions can be cut out of a diamond in the rough.
  • 5

    biologycytologymedicineA nuclear or cytoplasmic aggregate of stainable substances.

  • 6

    biologyhistologynatural-sciencesAn object completely inside a tissue, such as epidermal inclusion cyst, a cyst in the epidermis.

  • 7

    mathematicssciencesA mapping where the domain is a subset of the image.

  • 8

    obsoleteRestriction; limitation.

資料來源:英文維基詞典 English WiktionaryCC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。