核心畫面

One way to hold this word: you cut off a head and two grow back. That single rule is the whole word. It explains why the creature in the story is famous, why a monster type in games copies it, why a tiny pond animal that buds new bodies got the name, and why a problem that returns every time you solve it is called this. If a sentence does not have something coming back, this is probably not the word.

可以想成一個規則:砍掉一顆頭,長回來兩顆。整個字就靠這一條規則撐著。它解釋了為什麼神話裡那隻怪物有名,為什麼遊戲裡的更多收起可以想成一個規則:砍掉一顆頭,長回來兩顆。整個字就靠這一條規則撐著。它解釋了為什麼神話裡那隻怪物有名,為什麼遊戲裡的多頭怪照抄牠,為什麼一種會從身上長出新個體的小水生動物用牠命名,也解釋了為什麼「解決一個又冒出一個」的難題叫這個名字。句子裡如果沒有什麼東西一直長回來,多半就不是這個字。

From the word’s history

The source traces the name to Latin Hydra, from Ancient Greek húdra, from a root meaning aquatic, and notes it is a doublet of otter. So the oldest layer is simply a water creature; the many heads come from the story told about it.

來源說這個名字來自拉丁文 Hydra,再往前是古希臘文 ὕδρα(húdra),更早的字根意思是「跟水有關的」,而且跟 otter(水獺)同源。所以最底層只是「住在水裡的東西」。那些頭,是後來故事加上去的。

Wiktionary (kaikki) entries for Hydra and hydra, supplied in packet: 「From Latin Hydra... from Ancient Greek ὕδρα (húdra), from Proto-Indo-European *údreh₂ (aquatic). Doublet of otter.」

From the picture

砍不完的難題

把那條規則從故事裡拿出來,貼到現實的問題上。重點不是問題大,而是問題會長回來:你關掉一個假帳號,隔天冒出三個。

noun · C1

A problem that is very hard to get rid of, because every time you deal with one part of it, it comes back in another form.

打不完、一再冒出來的難題

拿牠命名的真實東西

這一族不是比喻,而是借名字。科學家和觀星的人看到某個東西像那條蛇,就把牠的名字放上去,所以每一個都各借走畫面的一半。

noun · C1

A very small freshwater animal with a bare tube-shaped body and a ring of tentacles around its mouth. It belongs to the genus Hydra and to related groups.

水螅

Also in this word

noun · C1

In old Greek stories, the Hydra is a huge water snake with many heads. When one head is cut off, new heads grow in its place, so it is very hard to kill. A second source records that Hercules killed it as one of his twelve labours.

(希臘神話)九頭蛇

noun · B2

In games and fantasy stories, a dragon-like creature with many heads that can grow them back when they are cut off.

(奇幻作品)多頭怪