核心畫面

One picture holds this whole word: a family whose home travels with them. A wagon or a van, a camp beside a road, and then the camp is gone and the road goes on. English fixed that picture on the Romani people — under a wrong name, because people thought they had come from Egypt — and every other use of the word is that same picture lent out to something else: to a restless person, to the music, to the act of moving on.

「gypsy」可以想成一幅「家跟著人走」的畫面:一輛篷車、路邊的一個營地,隔天營地不見了,路還在繼續。英文把這幅畫面更多收起「gypsy」可以想成一幅「家跟著人走」的畫面:一輛篷車、路邊的一個營地,隔天營地不見了,路還在繼續。英文把這幅畫面掛在羅姆人身上,而且掛錯了名字——當年以為他們從埃及來。之後這個字的每一個用法,都是把同一幅畫面借出去:借給一個待不住的人,借給那種音樂,借給「一直往前走」這個動作。也因為是「借」,今天用起來要小心:被借的是真實存在的一群人。

From the word’s history

Wiktionary records gypsy as a clipping of Gyptian, itself a shortened Egyptian, from Middle English Egipcian — used because when Roma first appeared in England in the sixteenth century they were wrongly believed to have come from Egypt. The same mistake is inside Spanish gitano and Greek gyftos.

依 Wiktionary 的記載,gypsy 是 Gyptian 削短來的,而 Gyptian 又是 Egyptian 的簡寫。十六世紀羅姆人初到英格蘭時,人們誤以為他們來自埃及,這個名字就這樣定下來了。西班牙文 gitano、希臘文 gyftos 裡裝的是同一個錯誤。知道這件事,也就知道為什麼這個名字本身讓很多人不舒服。

Wiktionary entry 'Gypsy' (kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:940727287:29376), etymology_text supplied in evidence packet

Two branches

族群的名字(以及形容那個族群的東西)

這一支就是畫面本身:被畫進那幅圖裡的真實族群,還有從他們身上長出來的音樂、營地、篷車。

noun · B2

A member of the Romani people: a group who came first from India, spread across Europe long ago, and have often lived and travelled in caravans instead of staying in one fixed home. Many Romani people find this word offensive and prefer Romani or Roma.

吉普賽人

借來講「待不住、一直移動」

這一支不再指族群,而是把核心畫面裡「移動」那一半抽出來,套到別人身上。要記得這是借來的:借的是一群真實的人的生活。

noun · C1

Someone who does not like to stay in one place for a long time — a person who keeps moving from town to town, home to home, or job to job, and seems most at ease while on the move.

居無定所的人