喜樂美語

核心畫面

One whole sheet of skin coming away from the body underneath, leaving what was covered now open to the air. Hold that picture and the other uses follow easily: a whip that opens the skin is the same force applied by hand, and a column that takes a public figure apart in print is the same force applied in words. Nothing is left covered. That is why the word always sounds heavier than the thing it is describing.

可以想成一整片皮從底下的身體上被取下來，原本被蓋住的全部露出來。抓住這個畫面，另外兩個用法就好懂了：鞭子抽到皮開，是…更多收起可以想成一整片皮從底下的身體上被取下來，原本被蓋住的全部露出來。抓住這個畫面，另外兩個用法就好懂了：鞭子抽到皮開，是同樣的力道用在手上；一篇文章把公眾人物公開拆解，是同樣的力道用在話上。共同點是「什麼都沒留下遮蓋」。所以這個字聽起來，總是比它所描述的事情還重。

From the word’s history

Wiktionary gives two separate histories for this spelling. The skinning verb comes from Middle English flen, Old English flean, Proto-West Germanic *flahan. The core image sits right at that root: taking the skin off.

Wiktionary 記錄這個拼法其實有兩條來源。「剝皮」這個動詞來自中古英語 flen、古英語 flēan，再往前是原始西日耳曼語 *flahan。核心畫面就在這個字根上：把皮取下來。另一條來源（古英語 flīeġan「使飛走、驚嚇」）走的是別的路，這份地圖沒有收進來。

Wiktionary (kaikki extract supplied in packet, source_ref kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:522323649:9575)

Two branches

打在身體上的

這一族是核心畫面本身，以及只差一步的延伸：皮被取下來，或皮被打開。

verb · C2

To cut and pull the skin off an animal or a person, usually one that is already dead.

剝皮

打在話語上的

把同一個動作搬到語言上：不是反駁，而是在公開場合把對方拆到一無所剩。這是理解上的連結，不是歷史演變的主張。

verb · C2

To attack someone with very harsh words, especially in public writing such as a newspaper column, a review, or an official report.

痛批／狠批

原始詞典資料8 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

Flayname

  • 1

    A surname.

flayverb詞源 1/fleɪ/

  • 1

    dialectalTo cause to fly; put to flight; drive off (by frightening).

  • 2

    dialectalTo frighten; scare; terrify.

    • If they'd let me have my way, I could have flayed him into shape
  • 3

    dialectalTo be fear-stricken.

flaynoun詞源 1/fleɪ/

  • 1

    dialectalA fright; a scare.

  • 2

    dialectalFear; a source of fear; a formidable matter; a fearsome or repellent-looking person.

flayverb詞源 2/fleɪ/

  • 1

    To strip the skin off; to skin.

    • The farmer flayed him as he had the bear, and so he had both bear-skin and fox-skin.
  • 2

    To lash or whip.

資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。